Comparative Study of Self-assembly Bioflocculant from Multiple Consortium Utilizing Peanut Hull and Wheat Bran Hydrolyte with Green Synthesized Nanoparticles on Various Applications

Research has consistently prioritized the study of biopolymers generated from microbes because of their inherent ability to decompose naturally. This work utilized peanut hull and wheat bran extract as a fermentation medium, under statistically optimal circumstances, to manufacture a bioflocculant. The bioflocculant, developed from a multiple consortium, was aimed at enhancing the yield for commercial purposes. The self assembled bioflocculant (Sa@bio) is a unique compound that can develop an asymmetric structure, making it highly valuable for various applications. Sa@bio consists of raffinose, mannose, and glucose, all of which possess a notably negative charge. Analysis conducted by Sa@bio indicated that the percentages of oxygen, carbon, phosphorus, potassium, and nitrogen were 23.72%, 68.03%, 2.73%, 1.33%, and 4.19% correspondingly. In addition, Sa@bio can serve as a reducing and stabilizing agent for the synthesis of nanoparticles, specifically gold nanoparticles (NPs-AuNPs) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) known as (Sabio@MNps) Self assembled bioflocculant capped metal nanoparticle. Sabio@MNps and Sa@bio were analyzed using UV–Vis spectroscopy, XRD, FTIR, FESEM, and HRTEM to determine their structural properties. The sorbents Sa@bio and Sabio@MNps shown superior biosorption capabilities for Cu²⁺  > Zn²⁺  > Hg²⁺  > Cd²⁺ compared to other sorbents. Moreover, the versatile capabilities of Sa@bio, Sabio@MNps shown can be regarded as suitable for pharmacological, bio therapeutic and entomological uses. This study presents the initial findings in the development of a cost-effective, environmentally friendly, non-toxic, and stable biopolymer utilizing readily available ingredients.