Modifying Structural, Optical, and Electrical Features of PVA/CMC/PVP Blend Doped with ZnWO₄ and TPAI

Zinc tungstate (ZnWO₄) and tetrapropylammonium iodide (TPAI) are attracted materials that can be applied in different fields such as dye-sensitized solar cells or ultra-high capacitance supercapacitors. Newly blended polymers reinforced using ZnWO₄ nanoparticles and TPAI were fabricated and explored. Poly (vinyl alcohol)/carboxymethyl cellulose/ poly(vinyl pyrrolidone)/ ZnWO₄/x wt % TPAI (PVA/CMC/PVP/ZnWO₄/x wt % TPAI) blended polymers were formed using hydrothermal and solution-casting procedures. X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, diffused reflectance and fluorescence techniques were used to characterizations the formed blends. The direct and indirect optical band energy values diminished to their minimum values (4.84, 3.97) eV and (4.21, 3.23, 2.96) eV as the blend doped with ZnWO₄ and 0.05 wt% TPAI, respectively. Blend doped with ZnWO₄ and 0.1 wt % TPAI achieved the highest refractive index and optical dielectric constant values. The fluorescence intensities of doped PVA/CMC/PVP blends affected by the kind of dopant and the measuring wavelength range. The addition of ZnWO₄ and/or TPAI samples to the blend enhances their nonlinear optical parameters. According to CIE chromaticity coordinates (x, y) and based on the amount of TPAI doping, doped blends revealed the changeable degrees of blue color. The values of dielectric constant are enhanced slightly as the PVA/CMC/PVP blend loaded with the ZnWO₄ sample and enhanced further as the amount of TPAI doping increased. The σ_ac value of the PVA/CMC/PVP blend was improved as the ZnWO₄ sample was added and enhanced further as the content of TPAI doping increased. Loading the PVA/CMC/PVP blend with ZnWO₄ sample reduced its energy density, and raising the TPAI doping amount further reduced it. The formed materials are promising for various applications, such as optoelectronics and energy storage.