A Critical Review on Nano-selenium Based Materials: Synthesis, Biomedicine Applications and Biocompatibility Assessment

The review provides an essential insight into the nanotechnology principles for nano-selenium based materials mainly selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs), selenium nanocomposite (SeNC) and how they can be synthesized, utilized in biomedicine. Various methods of synthesis of nano selenium have revealed extensively in this study. Applications in biomedicine as potential pharmacological agents like antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-diabetic, and anti-oxidative activities have been described extensively in this investigation. The study also demonstrates various methods for the determination of toxicity associated nano selenium under in vitro and in vivo conditions using simple, cost-effective, and green technology principles. In vitro toxicity methods include the use of selected cell lines in which cytotoxic effects can be determined. Phytotoxicity screening is another simplest and reliable method of toxicity assessment. Various animal models like rats, mice, and zebrafish have been widely employed to study the nano selenium-induced toxic effect. Further study will be helpful to explicit the nanotechnology principle of nanoscale derived selenium nanomaterials on diverse applications with high biocompatibility and environmentally friendly.