<p>Afghan refugees in the US face significant challenges, including limited access to healthcare. This study investigates the relationship between social determinants of health (SDOH), including-material circumstances, psychosocial circumstances, behavioral and/or biological factors - and self-rated health among recently resettled Afghan refugees (who received Special Immigrant Visas) in Oklahoma. Data were collected from 348 Afghan refugees using a community-based survey administered in English, Pashto, or Dari in 2022. Measures included sociodemographic characteristics, SDOH, and self-rated health (assessed using a single-item question asking participants to rate their health as poor, fair, good, very good, or excellent). Multivariable logistic regression analyses examined the associations between sociodemographic factors, SDOH, and self-rated health. Of the 348 participants, 59.5% of participants were male, with an average age of 31.5 years. In terms of behavioral factors, high rates of inadequate fruit and vegetable consumption (55.2%), insufficient sleep (58.0%), and insufficient physical activity (83.6%) were observed. With regard to material circumstances—defined based on the World Health Organization’s Commission on Social Determinants of Health (CSDH) framework as physical and economic living conditions—chronic health conditions (12.6%) and disabilities (7.8%) were noted. In adjusted models, chronic health conditions (AOR = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.19–0.86), disability (AOR = 0.31, 95% CI: 0.12–0.79), and inadequate sleep (AOR = 0.46, 95% CI: 0.24–0.89) were significantly associated with poor self-rated health. There were no significant associations found between psychosocial factors and self-rated health. This study highlights the significant impact of SDOH, especially material circumstances and behavioral factors on the well-being of Afghan refugees. Future interventions aimed to improve Afghan refugee health need to consider the roles of SDOH in order to optimize their care.</p>