A Theoretical Framework and The Development of a Multidimensional Scale of Purpose in Life

Purpose in life is a key resource in existential psychology. However, its conceptual variability has hindered its application in mainstream practice. This paper presents a holistic, theoretical framework of purpose in life, the purpose in life system, developed from an integration of existing motivational theories and models. Based on our framework, we constructed the 12-item Multidimensional Measure of Purpose in Life (MMOP) and tested its psychometric properties across two studies. In Study 1 (N = 238), confirmatory factor analysis supported a three-factor higher-order model of purpose in life (present-oriented purpose in life , future-oriented purpose in life, purpose congruence across time), with all fit indices meeting recommended thresholds and all subscales demonstrating high internal consistency reliability. Study 2 (N = 286) examined associations between the MMOP and established measures of purpose in life, motivation, and mental health, providing evidence for the MMOP’s concurrent, convergent, and discriminant validity. While further refinement of the MMOP is recommended in future research, the findings offer promising preliminary support for our integrative, multidimensional measure of purpose in life.