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<p>To advance work on subjective well-being (SWB), this study developed a psychometrically optimized measure of life satisfaction/quality (the Satisfaction and Quality of Life Scale; SQLS) to overcome the limitations of existing measures (the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), the World Health Organization Quality of Life scale (WHOQOL), and the Subjective Happiness Scale (SHS)). This study conceptualized life satisfaction/quality as subjective global evaluations of one’s life, including perceived quality, satisfaction, and happiness. This conceptualization allowed life satisfaction/quality to vary over time for a broader range of individuals (including differently-abled individuals). An online sample of 2271 individuals completed a survey and Item Response Theory (IRT) analyses were used to create the 10-item and 5-item SQLS scales. The IRT findings demonstrated that the SQLS offered markedly higher information for discriminating individual differences than existing scales, translating into higher precision and power (larger effect sizes) for detecting between-group differences. EFA and CFA analyses in separate sample halves supported the single factor structure of the SQLS. IRT parameter invariance analyses and CFA-based measurement invariance analyses suggested stringent invariance of the SQLS across gender, age, sexual orientation, race, education level, and income groups, outperforming the SWLS. Furthermore, the SQLS demonstrated excellent internal consistency of the across 37 more focused demographic groups. The SQLS scales demonstrated robust convergent validity and discriminant validity with 22 conceptual boundary constructs. Bifactor models highlighted the advantages of the SQLS at an item level, with all of its items showing strong trait loadings on a global factor and markedly lower divergent loadings on a scale-specific factor. Finally, the SQLS demonstrated significantly larger Minimal Clinical Important Difference effect sizes for detecting improvement in life satisfaction than existing scales. Implications are discussed.</p>

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Optimizing the Measurement of Life Satisfaction Beyond the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) Via the Development and Validation of the Satisfaction and Quality of Life Scale (SQLS)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月15日

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  • Benjamin D. Rasmussen,
  • Ronald D. Rogge

摘要

To advance work on subjective well-being (SWB), this study developed a psychometrically optimized measure of life satisfaction/quality (the Satisfaction and Quality of Life Scale; SQLS) to overcome the limitations of existing measures (the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), the World Health Organization Quality of Life scale (WHOQOL), and the Subjective Happiness Scale (SHS)). This study conceptualized life satisfaction/quality as subjective global evaluations of one’s life, including perceived quality, satisfaction, and happiness. This conceptualization allowed life satisfaction/quality to vary over time for a broader range of individuals (including differently-abled individuals). An online sample of 2271 individuals completed a survey and Item Response Theory (IRT) analyses were used to create the 10-item and 5-item SQLS scales. The IRT findings demonstrated that the SQLS offered markedly higher information for discriminating individual differences than existing scales, translating into higher precision and power (larger effect sizes) for detecting between-group differences. EFA and CFA analyses in separate sample halves supported the single factor structure of the SQLS. IRT parameter invariance analyses and CFA-based measurement invariance analyses suggested stringent invariance of the SQLS across gender, age, sexual orientation, race, education level, and income groups, outperforming the SWLS. Furthermore, the SQLS demonstrated excellent internal consistency of the across 37 more focused demographic groups. The SQLS scales demonstrated robust convergent validity and discriminant validity with 22 conceptual boundary constructs. Bifactor models highlighted the advantages of the SQLS at an item level, with all of its items showing strong trait loadings on a global factor and markedly lower divergent loadings on a scale-specific factor. Finally, the SQLS demonstrated significantly larger Minimal Clinical Important Difference effect sizes for detecting improvement in life satisfaction than existing scales. Implications are discussed.