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<p>The rapid adoption of prefabricated buildings (PFB) is widely recognized as a critical pathway toward sustainable urbanization and carbon reduction. Yet, its promotion is hindered by complex institutional, economic, cultural, and technical barriers. Despite growing academic and policy attention, there remains limited empirical evidence that systematically evaluates these barriers and formulates effective multi-level promotion strategies. This study aims to identify and prioritize the main obstacles to prefabricated building adoption and to provide an analytical basis for developing effective multi-level promotion strategies. The analysis is based on expert survey data collected through a structured questionnaire administered to construction professionals, policymakers, and academic experts with direct experience in prefabricated building projects. The research applies the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM), and the MICMAC model, constructs adjacency and reachability matrices, and develops a hierarchical structure of barriers. The results reveal that high initial investment costs, lack of financial support, cultural resistance to change, and fragmented supply chains are the most influential barriers. At the same time, government policy, academia-driven knowledge diffusion, and enterprise-level technological development play a pivotal role in overcoming them. The study concludes that an integrated five-level promotion strategy anchored in regulatory enforcement, human capital development, enterprise innovation, supply chain integration, and continuous sustainability monitoring can significantly accelerate the uptake of prefabricated buildings.</p>

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Prioritizing Barriers and Pathways for Prefabricated Buildings: Insights from AHP–ISM–MICMAC Analysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月25日

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  • Hazrat Hassan,
  • Lei Xu,
  • Agyemang Kwasi Sampene,
  • Bingyue Wang

摘要

The rapid adoption of prefabricated buildings (PFB) is widely recognized as a critical pathway toward sustainable urbanization and carbon reduction. Yet, its promotion is hindered by complex institutional, economic, cultural, and technical barriers. Despite growing academic and policy attention, there remains limited empirical evidence that systematically evaluates these barriers and formulates effective multi-level promotion strategies. This study aims to identify and prioritize the main obstacles to prefabricated building adoption and to provide an analytical basis for developing effective multi-level promotion strategies. The analysis is based on expert survey data collected through a structured questionnaire administered to construction professionals, policymakers, and academic experts with direct experience in prefabricated building projects. The research applies the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM), and the MICMAC model, constructs adjacency and reachability matrices, and develops a hierarchical structure of barriers. The results reveal that high initial investment costs, lack of financial support, cultural resistance to change, and fragmented supply chains are the most influential barriers. At the same time, government policy, academia-driven knowledge diffusion, and enterprise-level technological development play a pivotal role in overcoming them. The study concludes that an integrated five-level promotion strategy anchored in regulatory enforcement, human capital development, enterprise innovation, supply chain integration, and continuous sustainability monitoring can significantly accelerate the uptake of prefabricated buildings.