Purpose <p>Neighborhoods play an important role in an individual’s behavior. Specifically, caregivers’ perceptions of their neighborhood characteristics may impact their attitudes toward their children. This study aimed to find preventive ways to reduce child maltreatment by illuminating the relationship between neighborhood characteristics and child maltreatment, as well as the mediating role of social cohesion. The research questions are as follows: (1) Is there an association between neighborhood disorder and child maltreatment? (2) Does social cohesion mediate the relationship between neighborhood disorder and child maltreatment? The study hypothesized that neighborhood disorder and child maltreatment would be positively associated, and social cohesion would partially mediate the relationship.</p> Methods <p>Using a structural equation model (SEM), this study analyzed the direct and indirect effects of neighborhood disorder on child maltreatment behaviors.</p> Results <p>The current study found positive associations between neighborhood disorder and psychological abuse, as well as between neighborhood disorder and physical abuse. Neighborhood social cohesion partially mediated the effect of neighborhood disorder on physical abuse and psychological aggression. However, neighborhood disorder was not significantly associated with neglect. In addition, the indirect effect of neighborhood disorder on physical abuse through social cohesion was not statistically significant.</p> Conclusions <p>Neighborhood social cohesion may be an important pathway through which neighborhood disorder influences child maltreatment, highlighting the value of community-building efforts.</p>