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<p>Macrophage polarization into M<sub>1</sub> and M<sub>2</sub> phenotypes plays critical roles in homeostasis and disease pathogenesis. M<sub>2</sub> macrophages are characterized by high expression of the mannose receptor (CD206), which specifically binds and internalizes mannosylated ligands. In this study, we developed a novel fluorescent probe by conjugating Rhodamine B (RhB) to mannan isolated from <i>Tremella fuciformis</i> (RhB-mannan). The probe was thoroughly characterized by FTIR, NMR, and fluorescence spectroscopy. Using Raw 264.7 macrophages polarized to M<sub>1</sub> (LPS) or M<sub>2</sub> (IL-4) phenotypes, we demonstrated that the RhB-mannan probe selectively labels M<sub>2</sub> cells, correlating with CD206 expression confirmed by immunofluorescence. The specificity of the probe was further validated by competitive inhibition with free mannose, which abolished the fluorescent labeling. This probe provides a valuable tool for live-cell imaging of M<sub>2</sub> macrophages and studying their role in disease progression.</p>

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A Rhodamine-Mannan Fluorescent Probe Targeting M2 Macrophages for Polarization Imaging

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月30日

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  • Lei Wen,
  • Yuan Li,
  • Ting Wu,
  • Yue Yu,
  • Yong Wu,
  • Yue Wang,
  • Deguo Wang

摘要

Macrophage polarization into M1 and M2 phenotypes plays critical roles in homeostasis and disease pathogenesis. M2 macrophages are characterized by high expression of the mannose receptor (CD206), which specifically binds and internalizes mannosylated ligands. In this study, we developed a novel fluorescent probe by conjugating Rhodamine B (RhB) to mannan isolated from Tremella fuciformis (RhB-mannan). The probe was thoroughly characterized by FTIR, NMR, and fluorescence spectroscopy. Using Raw 264.7 macrophages polarized to M1 (LPS) or M2 (IL-4) phenotypes, we demonstrated that the RhB-mannan probe selectively labels M2 cells, correlating with CD206 expression confirmed by immunofluorescence. The specificity of the probe was further validated by competitive inhibition with free mannose, which abolished the fluorescent labeling. This probe provides a valuable tool for live-cell imaging of M2 macrophages and studying their role in disease progression.