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<p>Coal occupies a dominant position in China’s energy structure and provides crucial support for the rapid development of the national economy. Coal and its derivatives possess advantages such as high carbon content, abundant reserves, and low cost, making them ideal carbon sources for the preparation of coal-based carbon dots (C-CDs). C-CDs not only inherit the excellent properties of traditional carbon dots, including tunable fluorescence emission, stable optoelectronic performance, good water solubility, and biocompatibility, but also possess advantages such as broad availability of raw materials and low preparation costs. This paper focuses on the application development of C-CDs in various fields, reviewing the research progress on carbon dots prepared from coal and coal derivatives as precursors. It systematically summarizes their main synthesis routes, performance characteristics, and application studies in areas such as analytical detection, optoelectronic devices, energy, and catalysis. This study aims to provide solid theoretical support for the directional preparation of high-performance C-CDs. By rationally selecting precursors and optimizing the preparation process, it achieves precise directional control over the structure and properties of C-CDs, promoting their development toward large-scale production, environmental friendliness, and enhanced performance. Simultaneously, it provides innovative technological impetus for the green transformation and upgrading of the coal industry.</p> Graphical Abstract <p>Coal and its derivatives, as abundant, low-cost, and high-carbon precursors, offer an ideal platform for the synthesis of coal-based carbon dots (C-CDs). This review systematically summarizes the recent progress in the preparation strategies (chemical oxidation, electrochemical oxidation, hydrothermal/solvothermal synthesis) of C-CDs from diverse coal-derived materials including lignite, bituminous coal, coal tar pitch, and carbon black. Their broad applications in sensing, optoelectronic devices, energy, catalysis, and biomedicine are critically reviewed. Future directions toward green, low-carbon, and scalable preparation, combined with mechanistic insights via simulation and advanced characterization, are proposed to promote the high-value utilization of coal resources and support the green transformation of the coal industry.</p> <p></p>

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Preparation Strategies and Application Progress of Coal-Based Carbon Dots

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月28日

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  • Zishuo Gu,
  • Wei Zhao,
  • Shuang Pang,
  • Chaoshuai Hu,
  • Junxia Cheng,
  • Xuefei Zhao,
  • Yaming Zhu

摘要

Coal occupies a dominant position in China’s energy structure and provides crucial support for the rapid development of the national economy. Coal and its derivatives possess advantages such as high carbon content, abundant reserves, and low cost, making them ideal carbon sources for the preparation of coal-based carbon dots (C-CDs). C-CDs not only inherit the excellent properties of traditional carbon dots, including tunable fluorescence emission, stable optoelectronic performance, good water solubility, and biocompatibility, but also possess advantages such as broad availability of raw materials and low preparation costs. This paper focuses on the application development of C-CDs in various fields, reviewing the research progress on carbon dots prepared from coal and coal derivatives as precursors. It systematically summarizes their main synthesis routes, performance characteristics, and application studies in areas such as analytical detection, optoelectronic devices, energy, and catalysis. This study aims to provide solid theoretical support for the directional preparation of high-performance C-CDs. By rationally selecting precursors and optimizing the preparation process, it achieves precise directional control over the structure and properties of C-CDs, promoting their development toward large-scale production, environmental friendliness, and enhanced performance. Simultaneously, it provides innovative technological impetus for the green transformation and upgrading of the coal industry.

Graphical Abstract

Coal and its derivatives, as abundant, low-cost, and high-carbon precursors, offer an ideal platform for the synthesis of coal-based carbon dots (C-CDs). This review systematically summarizes the recent progress in the preparation strategies (chemical oxidation, electrochemical oxidation, hydrothermal/solvothermal synthesis) of C-CDs from diverse coal-derived materials including lignite, bituminous coal, coal tar pitch, and carbon black. Their broad applications in sensing, optoelectronic devices, energy, catalysis, and biomedicine are critically reviewed. Future directions toward green, low-carbon, and scalable preparation, combined with mechanistic insights via simulation and advanced characterization, are proposed to promote the high-value utilization of coal resources and support the green transformation of the coal industry.