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<p>Copper ions (Cu²⁺) are essential trace elements but pose significant health and environmental risks at elevated concentrations. Development of fluorescent Cu<sup>2+</sup> probes with high selectivity, rapid response, and wide applicable pH range is of great significance. In this work a benzophenanthrazine Schiff base fluorescent probe <b>(D1</b>) for selective and sensitive Cu²⁺ detection was presented. Probe <b>D1</b> exhibited intense fluorescence emission at 517&#xa0;nm that was quenched upon Cu²⁺ addition, achieving a detection limit of 0.53 µM with rapid response (less than 20&#xa0;s). Job’s plot and fluorescence titration fitting confirmed 1:1 binding stoichiometry between <b>D1</b> and Cu²⁺, with an association constant of 5.0 × 10<sup>5</sup> M<sup>–1</sup>. Probe <b>D1</b> showed good selectivity for Cu²⁺ over other metal ions in THF/H₂O (9:1, v/v) medium over a broad range of pH 4–11, and practical application in real water samples. FT-IR analysis, quantum yield measurements and density functional theory (DFT) calculations suggested Cu<sup>2+</sup> coordination through the phenolic O and imine N atoms, supporting coordination-induced fluorescence quenching with a predominant static-quenching character.</p>

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A Benzophenanthrazine Schiff Base Fluorescent Probe for Selective Detection of Cu2+

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月12日

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  • Chengxiao Xie,
  • Yuyang Liu,
  • Yanxi Song,
  • Xinyan Li,
  • Zhuo Zheng,
  • Hongqi Li,
  • Jiajia Mo,
  • Siyi Xiao

摘要

Copper ions (Cu²⁺) are essential trace elements but pose significant health and environmental risks at elevated concentrations. Development of fluorescent Cu2+ probes with high selectivity, rapid response, and wide applicable pH range is of great significance. In this work a benzophenanthrazine Schiff base fluorescent probe (D1) for selective and sensitive Cu²⁺ detection was presented. Probe D1 exhibited intense fluorescence emission at 517 nm that was quenched upon Cu²⁺ addition, achieving a detection limit of 0.53 µM with rapid response (less than 20 s). Job’s plot and fluorescence titration fitting confirmed 1:1 binding stoichiometry between D1 and Cu²⁺, with an association constant of 5.0 × 105 M–1. Probe D1 showed good selectivity for Cu²⁺ over other metal ions in THF/H₂O (9:1, v/v) medium over a broad range of pH 4–11, and practical application in real water samples. FT-IR analysis, quantum yield measurements and density functional theory (DFT) calculations suggested Cu2+ coordination through the phenolic O and imine N atoms, supporting coordination-induced fluorescence quenching with a predominant static-quenching character.