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<p>β-Galactosidase (β-gal), a common enzyme involved in hydrolysis, serves as an essential indicator for cellular aging and initial-stage ovarian tumors. Elevated levels of β-gal activity are commonly recognized as a sign of cell aging processes. Creating accurate and swift techniques to track β-gal function is vital for timely cancer identification and scientific investigations. As such, establishing a reliable approach to measure β-gal activity within living organisms is imperative. In this work, we created a responsive near-infrared (NIR) sensor called <b>Xmgal</b> to identify and image β-gal activity in tumor cells in real time. The <b>Xmgal</b> sensor functions via a β-galactosidase-triggered enzymatic cleavage mechanism, in which removal of the galactosyl caging group restores the NIR-emissive fluorophore. The fluorescence response exhibits a linear correlation with β-gal activity from 0.1 to 2.0 U, and a low detection limit of 1.5 mU. We applied <b>Xmgal</b> to observe and image β-gal activity in SK-OV3 ovarian cancer cells from humans, along with 293T cells. The <b>Xmgal</b> fluorescent sensor exhibits exceptional responsiveness, an activation-based NIR glow, significant wavelength change, and strong resistance to light degradation in active biological environments, making it an effective tool for continuous monitoring of β-gal dynamics.</p>

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β-galactosidase Dynamic Monitoring in Cellular Senescence Process with a Novel Activatable Fluorescence Probe

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月10日

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  • Huilong Zhu,
  • Yaru You,
  • Guyan Duan,
  • Yishu Yu,
  • Zifan Zhang,
  • Deyang Xi,
  • Jingjing Li,
  • Mingxi Fang

摘要

β-Galactosidase (β-gal), a common enzyme involved in hydrolysis, serves as an essential indicator for cellular aging and initial-stage ovarian tumors. Elevated levels of β-gal activity are commonly recognized as a sign of cell aging processes. Creating accurate and swift techniques to track β-gal function is vital for timely cancer identification and scientific investigations. As such, establishing a reliable approach to measure β-gal activity within living organisms is imperative. In this work, we created a responsive near-infrared (NIR) sensor called Xmgal to identify and image β-gal activity in tumor cells in real time. The Xmgal sensor functions via a β-galactosidase-triggered enzymatic cleavage mechanism, in which removal of the galactosyl caging group restores the NIR-emissive fluorophore. The fluorescence response exhibits a linear correlation with β-gal activity from 0.1 to 2.0 U, and a low detection limit of 1.5 mU. We applied Xmgal to observe and image β-gal activity in SK-OV3 ovarian cancer cells from humans, along with 293T cells. The Xmgal fluorescent sensor exhibits exceptional responsiveness, an activation-based NIR glow, significant wavelength change, and strong resistance to light degradation in active biological environments, making it an effective tool for continuous monitoring of β-gal dynamics.