<p>Quantum dot-based multimodal imaging technology provides a highly sensitive and versatile detection approach for early disease screening, demonstrating significant clinical value. This technology simultaneously offers high-sensitivity optical signals, superior tissue penetration depth, and precise anatomical localization, overcoming the inherent limitations of single-modal imaging. This review focuses on the applications and advantages of this technology in early disease screening, particularly highlighting its synergistic applications in fluorescence imaging (enabling high-precision multichannel detection), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (where controlled doping strategies facilitate dual-mode contrast enhancement), and computed tomography (CT) (where high-atomic-number quantum dot contrast agents surpass traditional sensitivity limits). Furthermore, the functionalized surface modification of quantum dots enables targeted delivery and therapeutic capabilities, along with artificial intelligence assisted quantum dots data analysis, promoting theranostic integration. Future advancements are expected to further optimize imaging precision and expand clinical applications, offering revolutionary tools for early disease diagnosis with broad development prospects.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>