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<p>Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) is a key indicator of mitochondrial function and cellular health. Fluorescence intensity-based methods are widely used for MMP monitoring, where probe photostability is critical for accurate quantification. To improve imaging reliability, we developed a photostable mitochondrial-targeted probe, PDI-TPP, by linking perylene diimide (PDI) with triphenylphosphonium (TPP). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of PDI being rationally designed and synthesized as a FRET donor for MMP sensing. Acting as a FRET donor, PDI-TPP pairs with SiR-BA, which is synthesized by conjugating silicon-rhodamine with butyric acid, to achieve dual-modality imaging through both fluorescence intensity ratio and lifetime. Compared to our previous donor OR-C8, PDI-TPP shows significantly enhanced photostability, reducing photobleaching artifacts and enabling dynamic visualization of MMP changes. This work provides a more accurate tool for mitochondrial imaging and functional studies.</p>

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High-Photostability Perylene-Derived Probe Enables Accurate Dual-Modality Imaging of Mitochondrial Membrane Potential

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月3日

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  • Fei Peng,
  • Xiangnan Ai,
  • Ran Chai,
  • Bin Hao,
  • Baoxiang Gao

摘要

Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) is a key indicator of mitochondrial function and cellular health. Fluorescence intensity-based methods are widely used for MMP monitoring, where probe photostability is critical for accurate quantification. To improve imaging reliability, we developed a photostable mitochondrial-targeted probe, PDI-TPP, by linking perylene diimide (PDI) with triphenylphosphonium (TPP). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of PDI being rationally designed and synthesized as a FRET donor for MMP sensing. Acting as a FRET donor, PDI-TPP pairs with SiR-BA, which is synthesized by conjugating silicon-rhodamine with butyric acid, to achieve dual-modality imaging through both fluorescence intensity ratio and lifetime. Compared to our previous donor OR-C8, PDI-TPP shows significantly enhanced photostability, reducing photobleaching artifacts and enabling dynamic visualization of MMP changes. This work provides a more accurate tool for mitochondrial imaging and functional studies.