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<p>Tri-metallic MnO<sub>2</sub>-ZnO-CeO<sub>2</sub> nanocomposites were successfully synthesized via a co-precipitation method. Structural characterization confirmed the formation of orthorhombic MnO<sub>2</sub>, hexagonal ZnO, and cubic CeO<sub>2</sub> phases, with an average crystallite size of approximately 18&#xa0;nm. The nanocomposites exhibited a narrow band gap of 2.36&#xa0;eV, enabling efficient visible-light absorption and enhanced photocatalytic activity. FTIR analysis confirmed M–O stretching vibrations, while photoluminescence spectra revealed defect-related emission bands attributed to newly formed energy levels. Nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms indicated a high surface area with a uniform mesoporous structure, featuring a pore diameter centered at 2.450&#xa0;nm. HR-TEM analysis showed spherical particles with a coarse, granular nanostructure and an average particle size of ~ 37&#xa0;nm. Elemental mapping and XPS confirmed the presence and oxidation states of Mn, Zn, Ce, and O. Electrochemical studies revealed significant pseudocapacitive behavior, with a maximum areal capacitance of 111.26 mF/cm<sup>2</sup> at 5&#xa0;mV/s and minimal charge transfer resistance. Antibacterial assays demonstrated strong activity against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, with a maximum inhibition zone of 14&#xa0;mm. Cytotoxicity evaluation showed a concentrate dependent response, reducing MCF-7 cell viability to 12% at 1000&#xa0;µg/mL. Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue reached 89.8% within 40&#xa0;min, following pseudo-first-order kinetics. The effects of pH, catalyst dosage, and dye concentration were systematically examined, and reusability tests confirmed the catalyst stability. These results underscore the potential of MnO<sub>2</sub>-ZnO-CeO<sub>2</sub> nanocomposites for effective wastewater treatment applications.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Synthesize of Tri-Metal Oxide MnO2-ZnO-CeO2 Nanocomposites via Co-Precipitation Technique for Biomedical and Environmental Applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月22日

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  • Anugraha Ganapathy rama subramanian,
  • Balu Thangaraj,
  • Nagarajan Muthukurumban,
  • Parvathiraja Chelliah,
  • Sree Devi Rethnamuthu

摘要

Tri-metallic MnO2-ZnO-CeO2 nanocomposites were successfully synthesized via a co-precipitation method. Structural characterization confirmed the formation of orthorhombic MnO2, hexagonal ZnO, and cubic CeO2 phases, with an average crystallite size of approximately 18 nm. The nanocomposites exhibited a narrow band gap of 2.36 eV, enabling efficient visible-light absorption and enhanced photocatalytic activity. FTIR analysis confirmed M–O stretching vibrations, while photoluminescence spectra revealed defect-related emission bands attributed to newly formed energy levels. Nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms indicated a high surface area with a uniform mesoporous structure, featuring a pore diameter centered at 2.450 nm. HR-TEM analysis showed spherical particles with a coarse, granular nanostructure and an average particle size of ~ 37 nm. Elemental mapping and XPS confirmed the presence and oxidation states of Mn, Zn, Ce, and O. Electrochemical studies revealed significant pseudocapacitive behavior, with a maximum areal capacitance of 111.26 mF/cm2 at 5 mV/s and minimal charge transfer resistance. Antibacterial assays demonstrated strong activity against Staphylococcus aureus, with a maximum inhibition zone of 14 mm. Cytotoxicity evaluation showed a concentrate dependent response, reducing MCF-7 cell viability to 12% at 1000 µg/mL. Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue reached 89.8% within 40 min, following pseudo-first-order kinetics. The effects of pH, catalyst dosage, and dye concentration were systematically examined, and reusability tests confirmed the catalyst stability. These results underscore the potential of MnO2-ZnO-CeO2 nanocomposites for effective wastewater treatment applications.

Graphical Abstract