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<p>Zirconia (ZrO₂) nanoparticles are synthesized via a simple co-precipitation method and subjected to annealing at different temperatures to investigate phase transformation, structural stability, and optical properties. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the tetragonal phase up to 600&#xa0;°C, a mixed-phase state at 700&#xa0;°C, and a complete transition to the monoclinic phase at 800&#xa0;°C, demonstrating grain size-controlled phase stability. Thermal analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) corroborated these findings. Optical studies revealed that the band gap increases with annealing temperature, while X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirmed the presence of suboxide and its enhancement with varying temperature. A secondary direct transition indicated improved UV absorption, benefiting photocatalytic efficiency. Tetragonal ZrO₂ annealed at 600&#xa0;°C exhibited the highest photocatalytic activity in Rhodamine B degradation under UV light due to its high crystallinity and moderate oxygen vacancy concentration. Conversely, monoclinic ZrO₂ at 800&#xa0;°C exhibited enhanced photoluminescence (PL) intensity in the bluish-green region, attributed to oxygen vacancy induced intermediate energy states, making it suitable for optical applications. This study establishes control over phase stability and defect engineering in ZrO₂ through annealing, enhancing its applications in optoelectronics, photocatalysis, and environmental remediation.</p>

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Oxygen Vacancy Mediated Enhanced Luminescence and Photocatalysis in Coprecipitated ZrO2 Nano Particles

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月15日

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  • Navayath Madhu,
  • Kuyyadi P. Biju,
  • A. K. Abdul Gafoor

摘要

Zirconia (ZrO₂) nanoparticles are synthesized via a simple co-precipitation method and subjected to annealing at different temperatures to investigate phase transformation, structural stability, and optical properties. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the tetragonal phase up to 600 °C, a mixed-phase state at 700 °C, and a complete transition to the monoclinic phase at 800 °C, demonstrating grain size-controlled phase stability. Thermal analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) corroborated these findings. Optical studies revealed that the band gap increases with annealing temperature, while X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirmed the presence of suboxide and its enhancement with varying temperature. A secondary direct transition indicated improved UV absorption, benefiting photocatalytic efficiency. Tetragonal ZrO₂ annealed at 600 °C exhibited the highest photocatalytic activity in Rhodamine B degradation under UV light due to its high crystallinity and moderate oxygen vacancy concentration. Conversely, monoclinic ZrO₂ at 800 °C exhibited enhanced photoluminescence (PL) intensity in the bluish-green region, attributed to oxygen vacancy induced intermediate energy states, making it suitable for optical applications. This study establishes control over phase stability and defect engineering in ZrO₂ through annealing, enhancing its applications in optoelectronics, photocatalysis, and environmental remediation.