<p>Iron is an essential nutrient involved in various physiological processes, including oxygen transport, enzyme activity, and cellular metabolism. However, excessive iron accumulation in the body can disrupt this delicate balance, leading to adverse effects on growth and development. Maintaining optimal iron levels is crucial for pediatric health, as both deficiency and overload pose significant risks. Fluorometric and colorimetric sensing techniques play a vital role in accurately detecting Fe²⁺/Fe³⁺ levels in biological matrices, facilitating early diagnosis and intervention in cases of iron overload. This study explores the impact of excess iron on children growth parameters, offering insights that can inform public health policies and clinical strategies for promoting healthy development. Additionally, this review highlights recent advancements (2022–2024) in organic colorimetric and fluorometric probes, which exhibit high sensitivity and selectivity for Fe²⁺/Fe³⁺ detection at trace levels.</p>