Profile distribution, Z-scan technique, Optical limiting and thermal lens method studies on Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside chloride

For the purpose of determining the characteristics of the Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside chloride (COGC) dye, both an FT-IR spectrometer and a UV–Visible spect rometer were employed through the process. At a wavelength of 473 nm, a diode-pumped solid-state (DPSS) laser with an adjustable wavelength was used to quantify the thermally induced optical nonlinearity of the dye in a solvent composed of dimethylformamide. For the purpose of measuring the optical response, the Z-scan technique was utilised. The dye showed negative and large nonlinear index of refraction values, with high nonlinear absorption coefficients. The nonlinear index of refraction ( \({n}_{2}\) $n_2$ ) and nonlinear absorption coefficient (β) of the COGC/PMMA film were measured to be 110.55 × 10⁷ cm²/W and 136.35 × 10^–3 cm/W. Thermal lens technique was used to investigate thermo-optical properties and \({n}_{2}\) $n_2$ . The optical limiter capabilities of the COGC dye are being investigated as a potential use.