Solvent Effects on the Absorption and Emission Spectra of the [5-amino-1-bromoindolizin-3-yl](4-bromophenyl)methanone Molecule

The effects of solvent on the absorption and emission spectra and dipole moments of the 5ABBM have been extensively studied in a series of solvents. The dipole moments in the excited state are observed to be greater than those in the ground-state in all the solvents studied for the chosen molecule. The dipole moment increase in the excited singlet state ranges from 2.42 to 24.14 D. The experimentally calculated ground state and excited state dipole moments were determined using the solvatochromatic shifts in the absorption and emission spectra as a function of dielectric constant (ɛ) and refractive index (n). These data are used to estimate the excited-state dipole moment using the experimentally determined ground-state dipole moment. A series of fifteen different organic solvents (toluene, methanol, n-butyl alcohol, ethyl acetate, DMS, acetonitrile, benzene, isopropyl alcohol, water, DMF, DCM, DIO, THF, ethanol, and octanol) were investigated at constant dye concentrations. Small changes in the fluorescence spectrum were observed for the different solvents; the highest fluorescence intensity was observed for DMS, and the lowest was observed for water. The Stokes shift in different solvents was studied for the 5ABBM molecule. This results in molecule being more polar in the excited state than in the ground state for the solvents used. The ground state dipole moments, HOMO-LUMO, and molecular electrostatic potential maps were also computed via ab initio calculations and evaluated via Gaussian 09 W software.