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<p>Heat-transmitting equipment is subject to growing operating temperatures and heat transfer rates, which leads to the development of a nanofluid as an alternative. The forced convection heat transfer coefficient (<i>h</i><sub>n</sub>) and friction factor (<i>f</i><sub>n</sub>) of cobalt (Co) nanofluid in the glycerol–water (G/W) blends are reported in this work. A two-step procedure is used to produce a co-nanofluid of 0.18% maximum volume concentration in an optimal mix of 30% glycerol and 70% water, and an experimental setup is constructed. The test segment is a simple circular copper pipe operating under constant heat flux boundary conditions. The properties, concentration, and flow rate — all affect heat transfer in nanofluids; the <i>h</i><sub>n</sub> and <i>f</i><sub>n</sub> of the nanofluid were higher than those of the basic fluid. At a 0.18% volume fraction and similar Reynolds number, the maximum increase in <i>h</i><sub>n</sub> and <i>f</i><sub>n</sub> was 43.6% and 35.2%, respectively.</p>

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Forced Convection Heat Transfer of Cobalt Nanofluid in a Glycerol–Water Base Mixture

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月1日

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  • T. Rajendra Prasad,
  • K. Rama Krishna,
  • K. V. Sharma,
  • Nagesh Mantravadi,
  • P. H. V. Sesha Talpa Sai

摘要

Heat-transmitting equipment is subject to growing operating temperatures and heat transfer rates, which leads to the development of a nanofluid as an alternative. The forced convection heat transfer coefficient (hn) and friction factor (fn) of cobalt (Co) nanofluid in the glycerol–water (G/W) blends are reported in this work. A two-step procedure is used to produce a co-nanofluid of 0.18% maximum volume concentration in an optimal mix of 30% glycerol and 70% water, and an experimental setup is constructed. The test segment is a simple circular copper pipe operating under constant heat flux boundary conditions. The properties, concentration, and flow rate — all affect heat transfer in nanofluids; the hn and fn of the nanofluid were higher than those of the basic fluid. At a 0.18% volume fraction and similar Reynolds number, the maximum increase in hn and fn was 43.6% and 35.2%, respectively.