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<p>Oil and gas production might affect the incomes of all sorts of individuals, from low-skill workers to royalty-receiving land- and resource owners, leaving its overall effect on income inequality uncertain. Therefore, the present paper studies the effect of changes in local-level oil and gas sector reliance on income inequality in the US. Employing panel fixed effects regressions over 2012—2019, it uncovers a highly asymmetric effect of oil and gas reliance. Inequality increases during oil and gas reliance decreases, while reliance increases do not decrease inequality. Bottom incomes experience relative income losses during both increases and decreases in oil and gas reliance, while top-most incomes experience relative income gains. Thus, the oil and gas sector reinforces ongoing income polarization tendencies. The obtained results also highlight the importance of estimating asymmetric effects to adequately assess inequality determinants.</p>

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The asymmetric effect of US local oil and gas reliance on income inequality in the fracking era

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月29日

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  • Friederike Seifert

摘要

Oil and gas production might affect the incomes of all sorts of individuals, from low-skill workers to royalty-receiving land- and resource owners, leaving its overall effect on income inequality uncertain. Therefore, the present paper studies the effect of changes in local-level oil and gas sector reliance on income inequality in the US. Employing panel fixed effects regressions over 2012—2019, it uncovers a highly asymmetric effect of oil and gas reliance. Inequality increases during oil and gas reliance decreases, while reliance increases do not decrease inequality. Bottom incomes experience relative income losses during both increases and decreases in oil and gas reliance, while top-most incomes experience relative income gains. Thus, the oil and gas sector reinforces ongoing income polarization tendencies. The obtained results also highlight the importance of estimating asymmetric effects to adequately assess inequality determinants.