<p>Caregivers of autistic children consistently report worse mental health outcomes compared to caregivers of non-autistic children, and behavior problems in autistic children are negatively correlated with caregiver mental health. Despite these difficulties, families of autistic individuals often demonstrate optimism and resilience, which may act as a protective factor against stressors. However, the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic caused detrimental effects on many aspects of life, which may have exacerbated challenges already experienced by families. This study examined the relationship between child behavior problems, family resilience, and the mental health of caregivers of autistic children, with a focus on how the relationship between these variables changed across the pandemic. Data were obtained from the 2019–2021 National Survey of Children’s Health. Binary logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess the association between child behavior problems and caregiver mental health. Separate binary logistic regressions were run to evaluate whether family resilience moderated the aforementioned relationships. Findings indicated a significant relationship between child behavior problems and caregiver mental health across the survey years. Family resilience did not moderate this relationship but was associated with better caregiver mental health across all three years. These results suggest that while resilience plays a crucial role in caregiver well-being, it does not buffer against the effects of child behavior challenges. The study underscores the need for targeted interventions that address both child behavior and caregiver mental health while fostering resilience within families.</p>