<p>Given a network graph <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10878_2025_1311_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="81" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(G=(V,E)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>G</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>V</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>E</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, a subset <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10878_2025_1311_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="50" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(T\subseteq V\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>T</mi> <mo>⊆</mo> <mi>V</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is said to be a total dominating set (TDS) if every <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10878_2025_1311_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="44" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(v\in V\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>v</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi>V</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is adjacent to at least one node in <i>T</i>. In this paper, we first present a distributed algorithm for the minimum TDS problem via the LP relaxation techniques. For a positive integer <i>k</i> and maximum degree <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10878_2025_1311_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="15" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Delta \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, the proposed algorithm outputs a fractional total dominating set of expected size <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10878_2025_1311_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="24" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="136" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(O(k\Delta ^\frac{2}{k})|TDS_{OPT}|\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>O</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>k</mi> <msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mfrac> <mn>2</mn> <mi>k</mi> </mfrac> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mi>T</mi> <mi>D</mi> <msub> <mi>S</mi> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="italic">OPT</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, where <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10878_2025_1311_Article_IEq6.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="66" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(TDS_{OPT}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>T</mi> <mi>D</mi> <msub> <mi>S</mi> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="italic">OPT</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is an optimal TDS. The distributed algorithm runs in <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10878_2025_1311_Article_IEq7.gif" Format="GIF" Height="20" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="43" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(O(k^2)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>O</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msup> <mi>k</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> communication rounds, and the algorithm uses messages of size <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10878_2025_1311_Article_IEq8.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="64" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(O(\log \Delta )\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>O</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mo>log</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. Then we give a rounding algorithm. The fractional solution is rounded to obtain an integer total dominating set for the original problem.</p>

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Approximation algorithms for the total dominating set problem

  • Limin Wang,
  • Zhao Zhang,
  • Donglei Du,
  • Yaping Mao,
  • Xiaoyan Zhang

摘要

Given a network graph \(G=(V,E)\) G = ( V , E ) , a subset \(T\subseteq V\) T V is said to be a total dominating set (TDS) if every \(v\in V\) v V is adjacent to at least one node in T. In this paper, we first present a distributed algorithm for the minimum TDS problem via the LP relaxation techniques. For a positive integer k and maximum degree \(\Delta \) Δ , the proposed algorithm outputs a fractional total dominating set of expected size \(O(k\Delta ^\frac{2}{k})|TDS_{OPT}|\) O ( k Δ 2 k ) | T D S OPT | , where \(TDS_{OPT}\) T D S OPT is an optimal TDS. The distributed algorithm runs in \(O(k^2)\) O ( k 2 ) communication rounds, and the algorithm uses messages of size \(O(\log \Delta )\) O ( log Δ ) . Then we give a rounding algorithm. The fractional solution is rounded to obtain an integer total dominating set for the original problem.