<p>This paper studies the inefficiency of multiplicative approximate Nash Equilibrium for scheduling games. There is a set of machines and a set of jobs. Each job could choose one machine and be processed by the chosen one. A schedule is a <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10878_2025_1274_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="13" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\theta \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>θ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-NE if no player has the incentive to deviate so that it decreases its cost by a factor larger than <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10878_2025_1274_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="15" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="41" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(1+\theta \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mo>+</mo> <mi>θ</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. The <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10878_2025_1274_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="13" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\theta \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>θ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-NE is a generation of Nash Equilibrium and its inefficiency can be measured by the <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10878_2025_1274_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="13" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\theta \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>θ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-PoA, which is also a generalization of the Price of Anarchy. For the game with the social cost of minimizing the makespan, the exact <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10878_2025_1274_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="13" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\theta \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>θ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-PoA for any number of machines and any <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10878_2025_1274_Article_IEq6.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="41" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\theta \ge 0\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>θ</mi> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is obtained. For the game with the social cost of maximizing the minimum machine load, we present upper and lower bounds on the <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10878_2025_1274_Article_IEq7.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="13" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\theta \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>θ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-PoA. Tight bounds are provided for cases where the number of machines is between 2 and 7 and for any <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10878_2025_1274_Article_IEq8.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="41" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\theta \ge 0\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>θ</mi> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>.</p>

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Inefficiency of multiplicative approximate Nash equilibrium for scheduling games

  • Zhuyinan Wang,
  • Chen Zhang,
  • Zhiyi Tan

摘要

This paper studies the inefficiency of multiplicative approximate Nash Equilibrium for scheduling games. There is a set of machines and a set of jobs. Each job could choose one machine and be processed by the chosen one. A schedule is a \(\theta \) θ -NE if no player has the incentive to deviate so that it decreases its cost by a factor larger than \(1+\theta \) 1 + θ . The \(\theta \) θ -NE is a generation of Nash Equilibrium and its inefficiency can be measured by the \(\theta \) θ -PoA, which is also a generalization of the Price of Anarchy. For the game with the social cost of minimizing the makespan, the exact \(\theta \) θ -PoA for any number of machines and any \(\theta \ge 0\) θ 0 is obtained. For the game with the social cost of maximizing the minimum machine load, we present upper and lower bounds on the \(\theta \) θ -PoA. Tight bounds are provided for cases where the number of machines is between 2 and 7 and for any \(\theta \ge 0\) θ 0 .