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On the Alon–Tarsi number of semi-strong product of graphs

  • Lin Niu,
  • Xiangwen Li

摘要

The Alon–Tarsi number was defined by Jensen and Toft (Graph coloring problems, Wiley, New York, 1995). The Alon–Tarsi number AT(G) of a graph G is the smallest integer k such that G has an orientation D with maximum outdegree \(k-1\) k - 1 and the number of even circulation is not equal to that of odd circulations in D. It is known that \(\chi (G)\le \chi _l(G)\le AT(G)\) χ ( G ) χ l ( G ) A T ( G ) for any graph G, where \(\chi (G)\) χ ( G ) and \(\chi _l(G)\) χ l ( G ) are the chromatic number and the list chromatic number of G. Denote by \(H_1 \square H_2\) H 1 H 2 and \(H_1\bowtie H_2\) H 1 H 2 the Cartesian product and the semi-strong product of two graphs \(H_1\) H 1 and \(H_2\) H 2 , respectively. Kaul and Mudrock (Electron J Combin 26(1):P1.3, 2019) proved that \(AT(C_{2k+1}\square P_n)=3\) A T ( C 2 k + 1 P n ) = 3 . Li, Shao, Petrov and Gordeev (Eur J Combin 103697, 2023) proved that \(AT(C_n\square C_{2k})=3\) A T ( C n C 2 k ) = 3 and \(AT(C_{2m+1}\square C_{2n+1})=4\) A T ( C 2 m + 1 C 2 n + 1 ) = 4 . Petrov and Gordeev (Mosc. J. Comb. Number Theory 10(4):271–279, 2022) proved that \(AT(K_n\square C_{2k})=n\) A T ( K n C 2 k ) = n . Note that the semi-strong product is noncommutative. In this paper, we determine \(AT(P_m \bowtie P_n)\) A T ( P m P n ) , \(AT(C_m \bowtie C_{2n})\) A T ( C m C 2 n ) , \(AT(C_m \bowtie P_n)\) A T ( C m P n ) and \(AT(P_m \bowtie C_{n})\) A T ( P m C n ) . We also prove that \(5\le AT(C_m \bowtie C_{2n+1})\le 6\) 5 A T ( C m C 2 n + 1 ) 6 .