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<p>In this study, boric acid (BA)-reinforced polyurethane–polylactic acid (PU–PLA) electrospinning nanocomposites were successfully produced, and their structural, mechanical, thermal, dielectric, surface, moisture transmission, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties were systematically investigated. The optimized matrix composition was determined to be PU/PLA (9:1, by weight), and BA was added at 1% and 3% by weight. Mechanical analyses showed that the addition of 1% BA increased the tensile strength from 0.892&#xa0;MPa to 1.87&#xa0;MPa, whereas the sample containing 3% BA showed a value of 1.20&#xa0;MPa. Shore A hardness increased from 62 to 66, and density increased from 0.42&#xa0;g/cm³ to 0.52&#xa0;g/cm³. Thermal kinetic analysis using the Kissinger method revealed that the activation energy (Ea) was 92.97&#xa0;kJ/mol for pure PU-PLA, increasing to 107.36&#xa0;kJ/mol with 1% BA, and reaching 102.05&#xa0;kJ/mol with 3% BA. Dielectric measurements (1&#xa0;kHz–1&#xa0;MHz) showed increased interfacial polarization in samples containing BA, with the highest dielectric response and AC conductivity obtained in the 1% BA sample. Surface analyses showed that the water contact angle was 90.02° for pure PU-PLA, 89.04° for 1% BA, and 88.26° for 3% BA. Water vapor transmission velocity (WVTR) values were determined as 755.9&#xa0;mg/m²·day for pure PU-PLA, 857.7&#xa0;mg/m²·day for 1% BA, and 845.1&#xa0;mg/m²·day for 3% BA. In DPPH analysis, the composite containing 1% BA showed approximately 49% radical scavenging activity at 10&#xa0;mg/mL, while the pure matrix exhibited approximately 43% inhibition. Antimicrobial tests revealed that the 1% BA sample produced the highest inhibition zones against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>,<i> Escherichia coli</i>, and <i>Candida albicans</i> at both 24 and 48&#xa0;h. Overall, the 1% BA addition provided optimal, balanced performance across mechanical strength, thermal stability, dielectric performance, controlled moisture permeability, antioxidant capacity, and antimicrobial efficacy. The developed nanocomposites are promising for biomedical coatings and active packaging applications.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Optimization of Boric Acid Content in PU–PLA Electrospun Nanocomposites: A Multifunctional Approach to Mechanical, Thermal, and Bioactive Performance

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月30日

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  • İbrahim Erol,
  • İbrahim İsmail,
  • İlyas Uygur,
  • Mecit Aksu,
  • Makhsudjon Tilyabov,
  • Zhamshid Bobozhonov

摘要

In this study, boric acid (BA)-reinforced polyurethane–polylactic acid (PU–PLA) electrospinning nanocomposites were successfully produced, and their structural, mechanical, thermal, dielectric, surface, moisture transmission, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties were systematically investigated. The optimized matrix composition was determined to be PU/PLA (9:1, by weight), and BA was added at 1% and 3% by weight. Mechanical analyses showed that the addition of 1% BA increased the tensile strength from 0.892 MPa to 1.87 MPa, whereas the sample containing 3% BA showed a value of 1.20 MPa. Shore A hardness increased from 62 to 66, and density increased from 0.42 g/cm³ to 0.52 g/cm³. Thermal kinetic analysis using the Kissinger method revealed that the activation energy (Ea) was 92.97 kJ/mol for pure PU-PLA, increasing to 107.36 kJ/mol with 1% BA, and reaching 102.05 kJ/mol with 3% BA. Dielectric measurements (1 kHz–1 MHz) showed increased interfacial polarization in samples containing BA, with the highest dielectric response and AC conductivity obtained in the 1% BA sample. Surface analyses showed that the water contact angle was 90.02° for pure PU-PLA, 89.04° for 1% BA, and 88.26° for 3% BA. Water vapor transmission velocity (WVTR) values were determined as 755.9 mg/m²·day for pure PU-PLA, 857.7 mg/m²·day for 1% BA, and 845.1 mg/m²·day for 3% BA. In DPPH analysis, the composite containing 1% BA showed approximately 49% radical scavenging activity at 10 mg/mL, while the pure matrix exhibited approximately 43% inhibition. Antimicrobial tests revealed that the 1% BA sample produced the highest inhibition zones against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans at both 24 and 48 h. Overall, the 1% BA addition provided optimal, balanced performance across mechanical strength, thermal stability, dielectric performance, controlled moisture permeability, antioxidant capacity, and antimicrobial efficacy. The developed nanocomposites are promising for biomedical coatings and active packaging applications.

Graphical Abstract