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<p>In this study, <i>Candida rugosa</i> lipase (CRL) was embedded within nano-zeolitic imidazolate framework-8, nZIF-8 (1:35), synthesized with a zinc(II) ion to 2-methylimidazole (Zn<sup>2+</sup>: HmeIM) ratio of 1:35 using a water-based, <i>de novo</i> synthesis method at ambient temperature without any modulating agents. The optimization of the embedding process focused on three parameters: the molar ratio of zinc(II) ion to 2-methylimidazole (Zn<sup>2+</sup>: HmeIM), the concentration of partially purified lipase, and the duration of embedding process. Various physicochemical characterization techniques were employed to confirm and analyze the embedded lipase, including powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. Additional characterization methods such as thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), N<sub>2</sub> adsorption-desorption measurements, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were also conducted for comprehensive analysis. The amount of lipase successfully embedded was quantified using the standard Bradford assay, with CRL<sub>3</sub>@nZIF-8(1:35) (<i>Candida rugosa</i> lipase (3.0&#xa0;mg) immobilized on nano ZIF-8 synthesized with a Zn²⁺:HmeIM ratio of 1:35) achieving the highest immobilization of 89% with loading capacity of 17.7&#xa0;mg/g. To evaluate the functional performance of the immobilized enzyme, a p-nitrophenyl palmitate (<i>p</i>-NPPal) hydrolysis assay was performed. The results showed a six-fold increase in enzymatic activity compared to the soluble lipase. These findings highlight the potential of nZIF-8(1:35) as a promising support material for lipase immobilization, functioning as a robust protective nanocomposite and as an enhancer of enzymatic performance, with the added capability of reusability in the CRL<sub>3</sub>@nZIF-8(1:35) system.</p>

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Low-Temperature Water-Based De novo Synthesis of Composites Based on Nanosized ZIF-8 Polymorph and Embedded Candida rugosa Lipase

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月9日

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  • Noor Fazrieyana Hamidon,
  • Mohamed Ibrahim Mohamed Tahir,
  • Yazid Yaakob,
  • Muhammad Alif Mohammad Latif,
  • Emilia Abdulmalek,
  • Mohd Basyaruddin Abdul Rahman

摘要

In this study, Candida rugosa lipase (CRL) was embedded within nano-zeolitic imidazolate framework-8, nZIF-8 (1:35), synthesized with a zinc(II) ion to 2-methylimidazole (Zn2+: HmeIM) ratio of 1:35 using a water-based, de novo synthesis method at ambient temperature without any modulating agents. The optimization of the embedding process focused on three parameters: the molar ratio of zinc(II) ion to 2-methylimidazole (Zn2+: HmeIM), the concentration of partially purified lipase, and the duration of embedding process. Various physicochemical characterization techniques were employed to confirm and analyze the embedded lipase, including powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. Additional characterization methods such as thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), N2 adsorption-desorption measurements, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were also conducted for comprehensive analysis. The amount of lipase successfully embedded was quantified using the standard Bradford assay, with CRL3@nZIF-8(1:35) (Candida rugosa lipase (3.0 mg) immobilized on nano ZIF-8 synthesized with a Zn²⁺:HmeIM ratio of 1:35) achieving the highest immobilization of 89% with loading capacity of 17.7 mg/g. To evaluate the functional performance of the immobilized enzyme, a p-nitrophenyl palmitate (p-NPPal) hydrolysis assay was performed. The results showed a six-fold increase in enzymatic activity compared to the soluble lipase. These findings highlight the potential of nZIF-8(1:35) as a promising support material for lipase immobilization, functioning as a robust protective nanocomposite and as an enhancer of enzymatic performance, with the added capability of reusability in the CRL3@nZIF-8(1:35) system.