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<p>The hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is pivotal for sustainable hydrogen production, demanding efficient and economically viable electrocatalysts. Transition metal sulfides (TMSs) have recently gained significant attention as promising alternatives to traditional platinum-based catalysts due to their cost-effectiveness, abundance, and tunable catalytic properties. This review evaluates the performance of various TMS catalysts across acidic, alkaline, and neutral media, highlighting their distinct electrochemical behaviors and stability profiles. Analysis reveals that TMS composites exhibit superior HER activity and improved durability, especially those involving multi-metal compositions and engineered sulfur vacancies. Specifically, Co-based sulfide composites and heterostructures demonstrate remarkable stability and catalytic efficiency across different pH conditions. Despite considerable progress, challenges remain regarding catalyst stability under high-current-density conditions, scalability of synthesis methods, and detailed mechanistic understanding. This article outlines strategic approaches to address these issues, including atomic-scale design, advanced theoretical modeling, and optimizing porous structures for enhanced mass and charge transfer. Future research directions are proposed to bridge current knowledge gaps, facilitating the development of robust TMS-based catalysts capable of industrial-scale hydrogen production.</p>

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Transition Metal Sulfides: Promising Catalysts for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月17日

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  • Mohammad abushuhel,
  • Munthar Kadhim Abosaoda,
  • Rekha M M,
  • Subhashree Ray,
  • Kattela Chennakesavulu,
  • Renu Sharma,
  • Aditya Kashyap,
  • Ashish Singh Chauhan

摘要

The hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is pivotal for sustainable hydrogen production, demanding efficient and economically viable electrocatalysts. Transition metal sulfides (TMSs) have recently gained significant attention as promising alternatives to traditional platinum-based catalysts due to their cost-effectiveness, abundance, and tunable catalytic properties. This review evaluates the performance of various TMS catalysts across acidic, alkaline, and neutral media, highlighting their distinct electrochemical behaviors and stability profiles. Analysis reveals that TMS composites exhibit superior HER activity and improved durability, especially those involving multi-metal compositions and engineered sulfur vacancies. Specifically, Co-based sulfide composites and heterostructures demonstrate remarkable stability and catalytic efficiency across different pH conditions. Despite considerable progress, challenges remain regarding catalyst stability under high-current-density conditions, scalability of synthesis methods, and detailed mechanistic understanding. This article outlines strategic approaches to address these issues, including atomic-scale design, advanced theoretical modeling, and optimizing porous structures for enhanced mass and charge transfer. Future research directions are proposed to bridge current knowledge gaps, facilitating the development of robust TMS-based catalysts capable of industrial-scale hydrogen production.