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<p>Lanthanide-enabled nanomaterials with tunable fluorescence are promising for cancer theragnostics. Fluorescence-active, carbon-coated amorphous Yb(OH)₃ nanoparticles with Eu³⁺ or Dy³⁺ ions incorporation were synthesized and evaluated for optical imaging, X-ray contrast enhancement, pH-responsive drug delivery, and Photodynamic therapy within a single theragnostic platform. These nanoparticles were uniform in size (70–88&#xa0;nm), and showed hydrodynamic diameters ranging from 133 to 182&#xa0;nm within enhanced permeability and retention effect. Photoluminescence spectra revealed broad emissions from 287 to 466&#xa0;nm, with Dy³⁺ and Eu³⁺ incorporation enhancing visible fluorescence. Drug loading studies with curcumin achieved high loading capacities (LC ~ 32–35%) and pH-responsive release, with ~ 50% release at pH 5.5 vs. ~20% at pH 7.4 after 24&#xa0;h. MTT assays performed using HEp-2&#xa0;C cancer cell lines confirmed the high biocompatibility of unloaded carbon-coated nanostructures and the strong anticancer activity of curcumin-loaded nanoparticles. Upon 405&#xa0;nm light irradiation, curcumin-loaded samples reduced the cell viability of HEp-2&#xa0;C cells to ~ 40%, showing photodynamic therapy potential. This enhanced photodynamic effect was further supported by intracellular reactive oxygen species analysis, which revealed a clear light dose-dependent increase in reactive oxygen species generation for all curcumin-containing formulations. CT imaging demonstrated concentration-dependent X-ray attenuation, with the carbon-coated Dy-enabled sample showing ~ 24.1HU/mg/mL at 80&#xa0;kV. These findings demonstrate the potential of Yb(OH)₃ nanostructures as fluorescence-active, pH-responsive, drug-delivering, Photodynamic therapy agents and imaging-capable nanoplatforms.</p>

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Fluorescence-Active Carbon-Coated Yb(OH)3 Nanostructures: Integrating Biomedical Imaging and Cancer Therapy

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月13日

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  • Adnan Saifullah,
  • Syed Mujtaba ul Hassan,
  • Ahmat Khurshid,
  • Saba Naz,
  • Mohd Cairul Iqbal Mohd Amin,
  • Muhammad Rizwan Tariq

摘要

Lanthanide-enabled nanomaterials with tunable fluorescence are promising for cancer theragnostics. Fluorescence-active, carbon-coated amorphous Yb(OH)₃ nanoparticles with Eu³⁺ or Dy³⁺ ions incorporation were synthesized and evaluated for optical imaging, X-ray contrast enhancement, pH-responsive drug delivery, and Photodynamic therapy within a single theragnostic platform. These nanoparticles were uniform in size (70–88 nm), and showed hydrodynamic diameters ranging from 133 to 182 nm within enhanced permeability and retention effect. Photoluminescence spectra revealed broad emissions from 287 to 466 nm, with Dy³⁺ and Eu³⁺ incorporation enhancing visible fluorescence. Drug loading studies with curcumin achieved high loading capacities (LC ~ 32–35%) and pH-responsive release, with ~ 50% release at pH 5.5 vs. ~20% at pH 7.4 after 24 h. MTT assays performed using HEp-2 C cancer cell lines confirmed the high biocompatibility of unloaded carbon-coated nanostructures and the strong anticancer activity of curcumin-loaded nanoparticles. Upon 405 nm light irradiation, curcumin-loaded samples reduced the cell viability of HEp-2 C cells to ~ 40%, showing photodynamic therapy potential. This enhanced photodynamic effect was further supported by intracellular reactive oxygen species analysis, which revealed a clear light dose-dependent increase in reactive oxygen species generation for all curcumin-containing formulations. CT imaging demonstrated concentration-dependent X-ray attenuation, with the carbon-coated Dy-enabled sample showing ~ 24.1HU/mg/mL at 80 kV. These findings demonstrate the potential of Yb(OH)₃ nanostructures as fluorescence-active, pH-responsive, drug-delivering, Photodynamic therapy agents and imaging-capable nanoplatforms.