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<p>Vanadium-modified TiO<sub>2</sub> nanotubes were successfully prepared via a two-step method combining electrochemical anodization on Ti mesh and nanosecond pulsed laser deposition (PLD). The morphology of samples was discussed using FESEM and TEM techniques. The amount of deposited vanadium is measured using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis showed that deposited V is mainly in the oxidation state of V<sup>4+</sup> and V<sup>5+</sup>. Optical properties were analysed using UV-Vis DRS and photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL). With lower vanadium content (V &lt; 6 wt%), TiO<sub>2</sub> photocatalysts exhibit better photocatalytic activity, while higher vanadium content levels result in reduced activity. This indicates that the 200&#xa0;V-TiO<sub>2</sub> (V ~ 2.5 wt%) sample degraded p-nitrophenol with an efficiency of 87.6% as opposed to 69.1% for TiO<sub>2</sub>, after 300&#xa0;min under simulated sunlight irradiation. Recycling photocatalytic experiment was performed to assess the durability of the photoactivities of the best V-TiO<sub>2</sub> sample. Photoelectrochemical analyses confirmed that moderate vanadium loading significantly lowers interfacial charge-transfer resistance and optimizes band bending, consistent with enhanced photocurrent density and photocatalytic performance. This study demonstrates that nanosecond PLD enables precise control of surface vanadium content, providing an effective strategy for the design of TiO<sub>2</sub>-based photocatalysts for environmental remediation.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Vanadium-Modified TiO2 Nanotubes Synthesized Via Electrochemical Anodization and Nanosecond Pulsed Laser Deposition for Improved Photocatalytic Degradation of p-nitrophenol

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月9日

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  • Miloš Tošić,
  • Vladimir Rajić,
  • Dejan Pjević,
  • Stevan Stojadinović,
  • Ivana Perović,
  • Nikša Krstulović,
  • Miloš Momčilović

摘要

Vanadium-modified TiO2 nanotubes were successfully prepared via a two-step method combining electrochemical anodization on Ti mesh and nanosecond pulsed laser deposition (PLD). The morphology of samples was discussed using FESEM and TEM techniques. The amount of deposited vanadium is measured using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis showed that deposited V is mainly in the oxidation state of V4+ and V5+. Optical properties were analysed using UV-Vis DRS and photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL). With lower vanadium content (V < 6 wt%), TiO2 photocatalysts exhibit better photocatalytic activity, while higher vanadium content levels result in reduced activity. This indicates that the 200 V-TiO2 (V ~ 2.5 wt%) sample degraded p-nitrophenol with an efficiency of 87.6% as opposed to 69.1% for TiO2, after 300 min under simulated sunlight irradiation. Recycling photocatalytic experiment was performed to assess the durability of the photoactivities of the best V-TiO2 sample. Photoelectrochemical analyses confirmed that moderate vanadium loading significantly lowers interfacial charge-transfer resistance and optimizes band bending, consistent with enhanced photocurrent density and photocatalytic performance. This study demonstrates that nanosecond PLD enables precise control of surface vanadium content, providing an effective strategy for the design of TiO2-based photocatalysts for environmental remediation.

Graphical Abstract