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<p>The development of sustainable, high-performance electrode materials is critical for next-generation energy storage devices. In this study, nitrogen-doped activated carbon (N-AC) was derived from pistachio shell waste through carbonization, KOH activation, and nitrogen doping using urea. The N-AC was then decorated with cobalt sulfide (CoS) nanoparticles via hydrothermal synthesis to yield CoS@N-AC composites with 10, 20, and 30 wt% CoS loadings. TEM and SEM images revealed uniformly dispersed CoS nanoparticles anchored on the porous carbon matrix. FTIR and XPS analysis confirmed the successful doping of nitrogen (pyridinic-N, graphitic-N) and the formation of Co–S bonds, as well as redox-active Co²⁺/Co³⁺ and S²⁻ species. BET analysis showed a high specific surface area of 1501&#xa0;m²/g for N-AC, which slightly decreased to 1179&#xa0;m²/g for 20CoS@N-AC due to partial pore blocking. Electrochemical evaluation in a 3.0&#xa0;M KOH electrolyte revealed that 20CoS@N-AC achieved the highest specific capacitance of 857&#xa0;F/g at 1&#xa0;A/g in a three-electrode configuration, and excellent cycling stability with 95.8% capacitance retention after 10,000 cycles. EIS measurements showed a low equivalent series resistance (Rs ≈ 1.25 Ω) and the lowest Rct (≈ 2.65 Ω) in case of 20CoS@N-AC. When applied in a symmetric two-electrode device, 20CoS@N-AC delivered a specific capacitance of 537&#xa0;F/g, with an energy density of 32.2 Wh/kg and power density of 4.0 KW/kg. These results demonstrate the synergistic enhancement in charge storage properties due to nitrogen doping and CoS incorporation, offering a green and scalable strategy for high-performance supercapacitor electrodes from biomass waste.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Facile Synthesis of Nitrogen-Doped Pistachio Shell-Derived Carbon Decorated with Cobalt Sulfide Nanoparticles for High-Performance Supercapacitor Applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月8日

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  • Manal Khered,
  • Muhana K. Al-Muhana,
  • Raja Alotaibi,
  • Reda S. Salama,
  • Ahmad Aladeem Alshammari

摘要

The development of sustainable, high-performance electrode materials is critical for next-generation energy storage devices. In this study, nitrogen-doped activated carbon (N-AC) was derived from pistachio shell waste through carbonization, KOH activation, and nitrogen doping using urea. The N-AC was then decorated with cobalt sulfide (CoS) nanoparticles via hydrothermal synthesis to yield CoS@N-AC composites with 10, 20, and 30 wt% CoS loadings. TEM and SEM images revealed uniformly dispersed CoS nanoparticles anchored on the porous carbon matrix. FTIR and XPS analysis confirmed the successful doping of nitrogen (pyridinic-N, graphitic-N) and the formation of Co–S bonds, as well as redox-active Co²⁺/Co³⁺ and S²⁻ species. BET analysis showed a high specific surface area of 1501 m²/g for N-AC, which slightly decreased to 1179 m²/g for 20CoS@N-AC due to partial pore blocking. Electrochemical evaluation in a 3.0 M KOH electrolyte revealed that 20CoS@N-AC achieved the highest specific capacitance of 857 F/g at 1 A/g in a three-electrode configuration, and excellent cycling stability with 95.8% capacitance retention after 10,000 cycles. EIS measurements showed a low equivalent series resistance (Rs ≈ 1.25 Ω) and the lowest Rct (≈ 2.65 Ω) in case of 20CoS@N-AC. When applied in a symmetric two-electrode device, 20CoS@N-AC delivered a specific capacitance of 537 F/g, with an energy density of 32.2 Wh/kg and power density of 4.0 KW/kg. These results demonstrate the synergistic enhancement in charge storage properties due to nitrogen doping and CoS incorporation, offering a green and scalable strategy for high-performance supercapacitor electrodes from biomass waste.

Graphical Abstract