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<p>The escalating crisis of antimicrobial resistance demands innovative and sustainable solutions. This study presents an eco-friendly approach for synthesizing manganese oxide nanoparticles (MnO₂ NPs) using <i>Cordia myxa</i> fruit extract, a medicinal plant rich in bioactive compounds that serves as both reducing and capping agents. Comprehensive characterization of the nanoparticles was performed using UV–Vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). UV–Vis spectroscopy represents the optical properties of the synthesized NPs, while TEM revealed platelet-shaped morphology with an average size range of 20–50&#xa0;nm. FTIR spectroscopy identified characteristic functional groups, including phenolic -OH and carbonyl (C = O) stretches, which contribute to nanoparticle stabilization. The biosynthesized MnO₂ NPs exhibited significant antibacterial activity against Multidrug resistant (MDR) bacterial strains, demonstrating particularly strong efficacy against <i>Bacillus cereus</i> (MIC: 0.60%; MBC: 1.20%) and <i>Escherichia coli</i> (MIC: 0.62%; MBC: 1.25%). Antibacterial evaluation through well diffusion assays showed concentration-dependent inhibition zones, while time-kill kinetics revealed complete bactericidal activity at 2 MIC. Protein leakage assay and Propidium iodide (PI) uptake assays confirmed membrane disruption as the primary bactericidal mechanism. The NPs also inhibited biofilm formation by 90.86 ± 2.50% at 2 MIC. Additionally, antioxidant assessments revealed significant free radical scavenging capacity in both DPPH and FRAP assays at 150&#xa0;µg/mL concentration, attributable to their phenolic content. This study highlights <i>Cordia myxa</i> derived MnO₂ NPs as a sustainable nanoplatform for combating MDR infections, merging green chemistry with multifunctional biological applications.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Green Fabrication of Manganese Oxide Nanoparticles & its Application in Mitigating Antimicrobial Resistance

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月28日

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  • Manish Kumar Manjhi,
  • Hemant Kumar,
  • Abhishek Pathak,
  • Kuldeep Gauliya,
  • Neetesh Mandal,
  • Devanshi Chandel Upadhyay,
  • Vaishali Yadav,
  • Talha Saad,
  • Chandrama Prakash Upadhyay

摘要

The escalating crisis of antimicrobial resistance demands innovative and sustainable solutions. This study presents an eco-friendly approach for synthesizing manganese oxide nanoparticles (MnO₂ NPs) using Cordia myxa fruit extract, a medicinal plant rich in bioactive compounds that serves as both reducing and capping agents. Comprehensive characterization of the nanoparticles was performed using UV–Vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). UV–Vis spectroscopy represents the optical properties of the synthesized NPs, while TEM revealed platelet-shaped morphology with an average size range of 20–50 nm. FTIR spectroscopy identified characteristic functional groups, including phenolic -OH and carbonyl (C = O) stretches, which contribute to nanoparticle stabilization. The biosynthesized MnO₂ NPs exhibited significant antibacterial activity against Multidrug resistant (MDR) bacterial strains, demonstrating particularly strong efficacy against Bacillus cereus (MIC: 0.60%; MBC: 1.20%) and Escherichia coli (MIC: 0.62%; MBC: 1.25%). Antibacterial evaluation through well diffusion assays showed concentration-dependent inhibition zones, while time-kill kinetics revealed complete bactericidal activity at 2 MIC. Protein leakage assay and Propidium iodide (PI) uptake assays confirmed membrane disruption as the primary bactericidal mechanism. The NPs also inhibited biofilm formation by 90.86 ± 2.50% at 2 MIC. Additionally, antioxidant assessments revealed significant free radical scavenging capacity in both DPPH and FRAP assays at 150 µg/mL concentration, attributable to their phenolic content. This study highlights Cordia myxa derived MnO₂ NPs as a sustainable nanoplatform for combating MDR infections, merging green chemistry with multifunctional biological applications.

Graphical Abstract