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<p>Toxic pharmaceutical compounds are released into aquatic environments, posing risk to ecological sustainability. Therefore, it is essential to eliminate these toxic compounds. In this study, we synthesized a triethanolamine ionic liquid immobilized on magnetic mesoporous silica and assessed its effectiveness as a magnetic nanoadsorbent for removing acetaminophen from different water samples. The successful synthesis of the nanoadsorbent was confirmed through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and thermal gravimetric (TG) analyses. FT-IR analysis revealed characteristic bands for the functional groups of nanoadsorbent, while XRD confirmed the cubic spinel structure of magnetic nanoparticles, showing reduced crystallinity after modification. FE-SEM images showed spherical nanoparticles with diameters ranging from 40 to 72&#xa0;nm, EDX verified the elemental composition, VSM indicated superparamagnetism, and TG analysis demonstrated thermal stability with approximately 40% total weight loss. Under optimal conditions-specifically a concentration of 20 mg L<sup>−1</sup>, pH 6, a contact time of 45&#xa0;min, and a temperature of 298&#xa0;K, about 92% of the drug was removed. The isotherm and kinetic data confirm the applicability of the Langmuir and pseudo-second-order models, respectively, with a maximum monolayer sorption capacity of 97.67 mg g<sup>−1</sup> derived from the Langmuir model. Additionally, the data analysis indicated that adsorption process is endothermic and spontaneous. The nanoadsorbent maintained its removal efficiency after six reuse cycles. Across a concentration range of 0.01 to 500 mg L<sup>−1</sup>, a linear calibration curve was obtained (R² = 0.9981), with limits of detection and quantification calculated at 3&#xa0;µg mL<sup>−1</sup> and 30&#xa0;µg mL<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. Consequently, the nanoadsorbent can effectively remove the drug from various water samples obtained from medical plants achieving analyte recovery values between 91.30% and 91.70%, with a precision indicated by a relative standard deviation of less than 1.12%.</p>

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Synthesis of Triethanolamine Ionic Liquid Immobilized on Magnetic Mesoporous Silica as a Recyclable and Efficient Adsorbent and its Applications for the Removal of Acetaminophen from Aqueous Solutions

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月25日

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  • Ehsan Esmaeili,
  • Alireza Feizbakhsh,
  • Homayon Ahmad Panahi,
  • Ali Ezabadi,
  • Elham Moniri

摘要

Toxic pharmaceutical compounds are released into aquatic environments, posing risk to ecological sustainability. Therefore, it is essential to eliminate these toxic compounds. In this study, we synthesized a triethanolamine ionic liquid immobilized on magnetic mesoporous silica and assessed its effectiveness as a magnetic nanoadsorbent for removing acetaminophen from different water samples. The successful synthesis of the nanoadsorbent was confirmed through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and thermal gravimetric (TG) analyses. FT-IR analysis revealed characteristic bands for the functional groups of nanoadsorbent, while XRD confirmed the cubic spinel structure of magnetic nanoparticles, showing reduced crystallinity after modification. FE-SEM images showed spherical nanoparticles with diameters ranging from 40 to 72 nm, EDX verified the elemental composition, VSM indicated superparamagnetism, and TG analysis demonstrated thermal stability with approximately 40% total weight loss. Under optimal conditions-specifically a concentration of 20 mg L−1, pH 6, a contact time of 45 min, and a temperature of 298 K, about 92% of the drug was removed. The isotherm and kinetic data confirm the applicability of the Langmuir and pseudo-second-order models, respectively, with a maximum monolayer sorption capacity of 97.67 mg g−1 derived from the Langmuir model. Additionally, the data analysis indicated that adsorption process is endothermic and spontaneous. The nanoadsorbent maintained its removal efficiency after six reuse cycles. Across a concentration range of 0.01 to 500 mg L−1, a linear calibration curve was obtained (R² = 0.9981), with limits of detection and quantification calculated at 3 µg mL−1 and 30 µg mL−1, respectively. Consequently, the nanoadsorbent can effectively remove the drug from various water samples obtained from medical plants achieving analyte recovery values between 91.30% and 91.70%, with a precision indicated by a relative standard deviation of less than 1.12%.