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<p>Diel vertical migration (DVM) is a well-known behavior among various species of zooplanktons, micronekton, and other marine organisms, yet knowledge of the key environmental factors affecting the spatiotemporal variability of DVM remains limited. For the concurrent monitoring of DVM and marine environment, acoustic underwater glider missions were conducted in the Oyashio and Kuroshio–Oyashio mixed water regions in spring, and DVM of the sound scattering layer was captured in various hydrographic and optical conditions. The observations showed the daytime maximum migrating depth shoaled by about 80&#xa0;m when solar irradiance was rapidly attenuated near the sea surface because of high phytoplankton biomass. This is consistent with the DVM pattern of <i>Euphausia pacifica</i>, a species of zooplankton, observed by the past plankton net samplings. Since the observed surfacing time of DVM around sunset became earlier by about 1.5&#xa0;h for the rapid attenuation of solar irradiance, we derive an empirical model that predicts the DVM trajectory as a function of time and the vertical diffuse attenuation coefficient near the sea surface. This study demonstrates that autonomous acoustic monitoring, when combined with hydrographic and optical sensors, could facilitate our understanding of the environmental drivers and the spatiotemporal variability of DVM in this region.</p>

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Acoustic underwater glider observation of diel vertical migration off the northeast coast of Japan

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月3日

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  • T. Tanaka,
  • D. Hasegawa,
  • T. Okunishi

摘要

Diel vertical migration (DVM) is a well-known behavior among various species of zooplanktons, micronekton, and other marine organisms, yet knowledge of the key environmental factors affecting the spatiotemporal variability of DVM remains limited. For the concurrent monitoring of DVM and marine environment, acoustic underwater glider missions were conducted in the Oyashio and Kuroshio–Oyashio mixed water regions in spring, and DVM of the sound scattering layer was captured in various hydrographic and optical conditions. The observations showed the daytime maximum migrating depth shoaled by about 80 m when solar irradiance was rapidly attenuated near the sea surface because of high phytoplankton biomass. This is consistent with the DVM pattern of Euphausia pacifica, a species of zooplankton, observed by the past plankton net samplings. Since the observed surfacing time of DVM around sunset became earlier by about 1.5 h for the rapid attenuation of solar irradiance, we derive an empirical model that predicts the DVM trajectory as a function of time and the vertical diffuse attenuation coefficient near the sea surface. This study demonstrates that autonomous acoustic monitoring, when combined with hydrographic and optical sensors, could facilitate our understanding of the environmental drivers and the spatiotemporal variability of DVM in this region.