Developing Smart Virtual Reality to Teach Functional Communication Training

Artificial intelligence (AI) encompasses a range of applications with the potential to change the development and implementation of behavioral intervention. Virtual reality (VR) simulations have only recently emerged as a tool for administering behavioral skills training (BST), with minimal incorporation of AI. Although early research has demonstrated that AI-enhanced simulations—Smart VR—can provide BST in relation to vocal procedures with limited instructor oversight, studies have yet to demonstrate the feasibility of this approach for complex skills such as functional communication training (FCT). This article describes two exploratory single-case design studies that examined the ability of Smart VR to automatically deliver components of BST in relation to various iterations of FCT. Results suggest the training generally improved trainee skills; however, correspondence between assessments conducted by AI and human observers was lower than in previous studies. Findings provide insight into technical advances and ethical concerns associated with the greater use of AI in behavioral intervention.