<p>Personality traits such as extraversion and conscientiousness play a crucial role in mental health, with higher levels generally acting as protective factors and lower levels increasing vulnerability to psychopathology. Although variable-centered research has highlighted meaningful interactions between these traits, person-centered approaches remain underutilized despite their potential to reveal distinct personality typologies that may better explain individual differences in mental health. Therefore, we applied latent profile analysis (LPA)–a person-centered approachࣧ–to identify personality profiles based on extraversion and conscientiousness and examined their concurrent demographic predictors and mental health outcomes in 469 emerging adults (58.4% women, <i>M</i>_age= 20.20 years, <i>SD</i>_age= 2.19). Five profiles emerged: (1) low extraversion and conscientiousness (“introverted and impulsive”: 5.5%), (2) high extraversion and conscientiousness (“extraverted and conscientious”: 24.1%), (3) high extraversion and low conscientiousness (“extraverted and impulsive”: 4.7%), (4) moderate extraversion and conscientiousness (“moderate”: 61.4%), and (5) low extraversion and high conscientiousness (“introverted and conscientious”: 4.3%). No demographic characteristics predicted profile membership. However, individuals in the introverted profiles (1 and 5) exhibited the highest levels of anxiety, somatization, loneliness, stress, and depression, whereas those in the extraverted profiles (2 and 3) had the most favorable mental health outcomes. These findings suggest that specific personality trait combinations can either protect against or heighten risk for internalizing mental health problems in emerging adults, with introversion being a prominent risk factor. Results are discussed in the context of approach-avoidance motivations.</p>