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<p>Early emerging individual differences in emotionality and regulation (i.e., <i>temperament</i>) are linked to diverse forms of psychopathology. However, in contrast to the voluminous research on the structure of adult individual differences, less is known about the structure of children’s temperament, and most relevant past work on child temperament has relied on parent-report measures, which may be limited in key respects. We examined the structure of children’s observed temperament and temperament factors’ associations with psychopathology symptoms in 394 five-year-old children who completed a battery of standardized laboratory tasks designed to elicit individual differences in temperamental emotionality and behaviour. Parents completed measures of child symptoms. Confirmatory factor analysis supported a five-factor structure of children’s temperament consisting of sociability, positive affectivity/interest, impulsivity versus constraint, dysphoria, and fear-inhibition. Associations between the five factors and parent-reported psychopathology were generally consistent with theory and previous research, providing initial support for the validity of the observed temperament structure.</p>

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Characterizing the Nature and Structure of Child Temperament via Observational Laboratory Tasks

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月18日

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  • Bianca C. Iddiols,
  • Yuliya Kotelnikova,
  • Lindsay N. Gabel,
  • Kasey Stanton,
  • Elizabeth P. Hayden

摘要

Early emerging individual differences in emotionality and regulation (i.e., temperament) are linked to diverse forms of psychopathology. However, in contrast to the voluminous research on the structure of adult individual differences, less is known about the structure of children’s temperament, and most relevant past work on child temperament has relied on parent-report measures, which may be limited in key respects. We examined the structure of children’s observed temperament and temperament factors’ associations with psychopathology symptoms in 394 five-year-old children who completed a battery of standardized laboratory tasks designed to elicit individual differences in temperamental emotionality and behaviour. Parents completed measures of child symptoms. Confirmatory factor analysis supported a five-factor structure of children’s temperament consisting of sociability, positive affectivity/interest, impulsivity versus constraint, dysphoria, and fear-inhibition. Associations between the five factors and parent-reported psychopathology were generally consistent with theory and previous research, providing initial support for the validity of the observed temperament structure.