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<p>We demonstrate a passive Q-switched (PQS) erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL) based on a WSe<sub>2</sub> thin-film saturable absorber (SA) prepared using the pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique. The physical characteristics of the prepared thin-film SA were systematically examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Raman spectroscopy to investigate its surface morphology and structural properties. The thickness of the deposited thin film was measured from the cross-sectional SEM image of the film deposited on a glass substrate. The modulation depth and saturation intensity were determined by fitting the nonlinear transmission data and found to be 5.57% and 28.21&#xa0;MW/cm<sup>2</sup>. The PLD-prepared WSe<sub>2</sub> thin-film-based SA was deposited directly on the fiber ferrule (FF) and then incorporated in the ring cavity configuration, which facilitated a&#xa0;Q-switched (QS) pulse operation over a pump power (PP) range from 18 to 313 mW. The obtained results revealed that the emission wavelength of the QS-EDFL was centered at 1559.88&#xa0;nm with a 3-dB bandwidth of 0.91&#xa0;nm. The QS-EDFL generated a higher pulse repetition rate (RR) of 99.86&#xa0;kHz with a maximum signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 49&#xa0;dB and a minimum pulse duration (PD) of 2.90&#xa0;<i>μ</i>s at the highest PP of 313 mW. Besides, the maximum output power (<i>P</i><sub>out</sub>), pulse energy (PE), and peak power (<i>P</i><sub>Peak</sub>) were measured to be 0.84 mW, 8.58 nJ, and 2.90 mW, respectively. The stability of the pulse operation was assessed over 2&#xa0;h by recording peak-to-peak voltage (<i>V</i><sub>pp</sub>), <i>P</i><sub>out</sub>, RR, and PD every 15&#xa0;min, confirming the high stability of the proposed QS-EDFL system. These results&#xa0;highlight the potential of the PLD technique for producing&#xa0;efficient&#xa0;WSe<sub>2</sub>-SAs that support stable&#xa0;C-band&#xa0;PQS laser operation with&#xa0;improved optical performance, low threshold, and excellent stability.</p>

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Fabrication of WSe2 thin-film saturable absorber via pulsed laser deposition technique for passive Q-switched operation in erbium-doped fiber lasers

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年8月5日

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  • Imdad Ullah,
  • Haroon Asghar,
  • Zeshan Adeel Umar,
  • Amir Fayyaz,
  • T. A. Alrebdi,
  • M. Aslam Baig

摘要

We demonstrate a passive Q-switched (PQS) erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL) based on a WSe2 thin-film saturable absorber (SA) prepared using the pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique. The physical characteristics of the prepared thin-film SA were systematically examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Raman spectroscopy to investigate its surface morphology and structural properties. The thickness of the deposited thin film was measured from the cross-sectional SEM image of the film deposited on a glass substrate. The modulation depth and saturation intensity were determined by fitting the nonlinear transmission data and found to be 5.57% and 28.21 MW/cm2. The PLD-prepared WSe2 thin-film-based SA was deposited directly on the fiber ferrule (FF) and then incorporated in the ring cavity configuration, which facilitated a Q-switched (QS) pulse operation over a pump power (PP) range from 18 to 313 mW. The obtained results revealed that the emission wavelength of the QS-EDFL was centered at 1559.88 nm with a 3-dB bandwidth of 0.91 nm. The QS-EDFL generated a higher pulse repetition rate (RR) of 99.86 kHz with a maximum signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 49 dB and a minimum pulse duration (PD) of 2.90 μs at the highest PP of 313 mW. Besides, the maximum output power (Pout), pulse energy (PE), and peak power (PPeak) were measured to be 0.84 mW, 8.58 nJ, and 2.90 mW, respectively. The stability of the pulse operation was assessed over 2 h by recording peak-to-peak voltage (Vpp), Pout, RR, and PD every 15 min, confirming the high stability of the proposed QS-EDFL system. These results highlight the potential of the PLD technique for producing efficient WSe2-SAs that support stable C-band PQS laser operation with improved optical performance, low threshold, and excellent stability.