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<p>In this study, a series of rare earth (Ln = La, Nd, Sm, Gd) and chromium ion modified lead titanate ceramics (Pb<sub>0.8</sub>Ln<sub>0.2</sub>Cr<sub>0.2</sub>Ti<sub>0.8</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) were synthesized through the solid-state reaction technique. The crystallinity and phase formation of these synthesized ceramics were confirmed through X-ray diffraction analysis including different approaches like Williamson–Hall, Size-Strain Plot, and Halder–Wagner were employed for the determination of crystallite size. The electrical parameters of the samples were evaluated in a broad range of frequency (100&#xa0;Hz–1&#xa0;MHz) and temperature (300–450&#xa0;℃). The presence of non-Debye type relaxation was confirmed from both impedance and modulus studies. Nyquist plots of the studied&#xa0;samples indicate the involvement of both grain and grain boundary in the conduction phenomena of these samples. The dc conductivity analysis reveals that these samples are semiconducting in nature and exhibit Negative temperature coefficient resistance type behaviour.</p>

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Electrical transport and relaxation dynamics in rare-earth and Cr co-doped PbTiO₃ ceramics

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月31日

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  • Amrita Nayak,
  • S. K. Patri,
  • R. Khatua,
  • B. Behera

摘要

In this study, a series of rare earth (Ln = La, Nd, Sm, Gd) and chromium ion modified lead titanate ceramics (Pb0.8Ln0.2Cr0.2Ti0.8O3) were synthesized through the solid-state reaction technique. The crystallinity and phase formation of these synthesized ceramics were confirmed through X-ray diffraction analysis including different approaches like Williamson–Hall, Size-Strain Plot, and Halder–Wagner were employed for the determination of crystallite size. The electrical parameters of the samples were evaluated in a broad range of frequency (100 Hz–1 MHz) and temperature (300–450 ℃). The presence of non-Debye type relaxation was confirmed from both impedance and modulus studies. Nyquist plots of the studied samples indicate the involvement of both grain and grain boundary in the conduction phenomena of these samples. The dc conductivity analysis reveals that these samples are semiconducting in nature and exhibit Negative temperature coefficient resistance type behaviour.