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<p>This study investigates the evolution of mechanical, thermal, and electrical behavior in epoxy nanocomposites containing ultra-low concentrations (0.001–0.010 wt%) of graphene-modified single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). Unlike conventional high-loading systems, these materials exhibit closely spaced transitions across multiple property domains within a narrow compositional window. Mechanical characterization revealed a non-monotonic response, with tensile and compressive strengths peaking at 0.003 wt% (+ 6.8% and + 9.1%), while flexural strength and hardness reached maxima at 0.005 wt%. Thermal analysis via DSC and TGA–DSC identified a minimum glass transition temperature at 0.003 wt% (135.4&#xa0;°C), together with an increased thermal degradation onset temperature (388&#xa0;°C), indicating concentration-dependent changes in polymer chain mobility and thermal stability. Broadband dielectric spectroscopy (10<sup>2</sup>–10<sup>6</sup> Hz) further identified a transition in the electrical transport response between 0.005 and 0.010 wt% SWCNTs, characterized by increased apparent permittivity, higher dielectric loss, enhanced AC conductivity, and a reduced Jonscher power-law exponent at the highest loading. These findings indicate that the observed property transitions occur within a common compositional range and are consistent with concentration-dependent changes in interfacial effects, filler-related heterogeneity, and emerging electrical connectivity. The results highlight the importance of considering coupled property evolution when optimizing nanofiller content in polymer nanocomposites.</p>

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Coupled mechanical, thermal, and dielectric behavior in ultra-low SWCNT/epoxy systems

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月21日

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  • Kadir Celik,
  • Serkan Subasi,
  • Ahmet Demir,
  • Ahmad Badreddin Musatat

摘要

This study investigates the evolution of mechanical, thermal, and electrical behavior in epoxy nanocomposites containing ultra-low concentrations (0.001–0.010 wt%) of graphene-modified single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). Unlike conventional high-loading systems, these materials exhibit closely spaced transitions across multiple property domains within a narrow compositional window. Mechanical characterization revealed a non-monotonic response, with tensile and compressive strengths peaking at 0.003 wt% (+ 6.8% and + 9.1%), while flexural strength and hardness reached maxima at 0.005 wt%. Thermal analysis via DSC and TGA–DSC identified a minimum glass transition temperature at 0.003 wt% (135.4 °C), together with an increased thermal degradation onset temperature (388 °C), indicating concentration-dependent changes in polymer chain mobility and thermal stability. Broadband dielectric spectroscopy (102–106 Hz) further identified a transition in the electrical transport response between 0.005 and 0.010 wt% SWCNTs, characterized by increased apparent permittivity, higher dielectric loss, enhanced AC conductivity, and a reduced Jonscher power-law exponent at the highest loading. These findings indicate that the observed property transitions occur within a common compositional range and are consistent with concentration-dependent changes in interfacial effects, filler-related heterogeneity, and emerging electrical connectivity. The results highlight the importance of considering coupled property evolution when optimizing nanofiller content in polymer nanocomposites.