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<p>The AC conductivity spectra of the sodium-modified V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>-Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-ZnO glass system have been systematically studied over a broad frequency domain (0.01–106&#xa0;Hz) and in the temperature interval of 353–473&#xa0;K. The Almond–West model was utilized to fit the AC conductivity data enabling the determination of DC conductivity (σ<sub>dc</sub>), crossover frequency (ω<sub>H</sub>), and frequency exponent (s) as functions of temperature and Na<sub>2</sub>O content. Overlapping large polaron tunneling (OLPT) governs the polaron conduction mechanism in the studied glass system. The highest DC conductivity (4.310 × 10<sup>–7</sup>&#xa0;S/cm) was observed for VBZN0 glass sample at 473&#xa0;K. The studied glass system demonstrates non-Debye relaxation behavior, and influence of sodium incorporation on the relaxation time has been systematically investigated. Equivalent circuit modeling was employed to interpret the Nyquist plots of the glass samples at different temperatures. A higher activation energy was observed for ionic transport than for polaronic transport (E<sub>R</sub><sub>2</sub> &gt; E<sub>R</sub><sub>1</sub>), supporting the coexistence of distinct charge transport mechanisms in the glass system. The results indicate that the electrical conduction in the studied glass system may be governed by a mixed ionic-polaronic transport mechanism. Activation energies obtained from electric modulus, conductivity, and impedance analysis show good consistency. Analysis of Z″ and M″ reveals the coexistence of long-range charge transport and localized relaxations in the present glass system.</p>

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Influence of sodium incorporation on electrical transport in zinc–bismuth–vanadate glass system

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年8月4日

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  • Ankita Malik,
  • Rinki Dahiya,
  • Jyoti Ahlawat,
  • Preeti Redhu,
  • S. K. Jha

摘要

The AC conductivity spectra of the sodium-modified V2O5-Bi2O3-ZnO glass system have been systematically studied over a broad frequency domain (0.01–106 Hz) and in the temperature interval of 353–473 K. The Almond–West model was utilized to fit the AC conductivity data enabling the determination of DC conductivity (σdc), crossover frequency (ωH), and frequency exponent (s) as functions of temperature and Na2O content. Overlapping large polaron tunneling (OLPT) governs the polaron conduction mechanism in the studied glass system. The highest DC conductivity (4.310 × 10–7 S/cm) was observed for VBZN0 glass sample at 473 K. The studied glass system demonstrates non-Debye relaxation behavior, and influence of sodium incorporation on the relaxation time has been systematically investigated. Equivalent circuit modeling was employed to interpret the Nyquist plots of the glass samples at different temperatures. A higher activation energy was observed for ionic transport than for polaronic transport (ER2 > ER1), supporting the coexistence of distinct charge transport mechanisms in the glass system. The results indicate that the electrical conduction in the studied glass system may be governed by a mixed ionic-polaronic transport mechanism. Activation energies obtained from electric modulus, conductivity, and impedance analysis show good consistency. Analysis of Z″ and M″ reveals the coexistence of long-range charge transport and localized relaxations in the present glass system.