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<p>Flexible pressure sensors (FPSs) based on the piezoresistive effect have garnered considerable attention in wearable electronics owing to their broad application potential. However, although melamine foam (MF) provides a highly compressible porous framework, the direct use of MF as a single supporting carrier remains challenging for wearable integration because of its limited structural robustness and insufficient adaptability to complex human motion. To address these limitations, this study proposes a multilayer piezoresistive pressure sensor based on nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes (N-CNTs), wrinkled polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fabric, and MF for wearable motion-monitoring applications. N-CNTs were synthesized via a facile hydrothermal method and uniformly deposited onto both MF and wrinkled PET fabric through dip coating. The N-CNT-coated wrinkled PET fabric and N-CNT-coated MF were then assembled into a hierarchical N-CWPF/MF sensor. The porous MF framework promoted stress transfer by providing a compressible supporting skeleton, whereas the wrinkled PET fabric increased interfacial contact during compression. Meanwhile, the N-CNT conductive network formed continuous pathways that were sensitive to pressure-induced deformation. The fabricated sensor achieved a high sensitivity of 0.159&#xa0;kPa⁻<sup>1</sup>, a low detection limit of 32.34&#xa0;Pa, and short response/recovery times of 41.2/29.6&#xa0;ms. These sensing characteristics support rapid and reliable monitoring of human motion. Overall, the results demonstrate that integrating N-CNT-based conductive network engineering with multilayer structural design provides a simple and effective strategy for fabricating high-performance wearable pressure sensors.</p>

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High-sensitivity multilayered pressure sensor based on nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes for human motion detection

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月27日

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  • Zhiyong Zhou,
  • Hualong Zhang,
  • Bo Sun,
  • Chang Xu

摘要

Flexible pressure sensors (FPSs) based on the piezoresistive effect have garnered considerable attention in wearable electronics owing to their broad application potential. However, although melamine foam (MF) provides a highly compressible porous framework, the direct use of MF as a single supporting carrier remains challenging for wearable integration because of its limited structural robustness and insufficient adaptability to complex human motion. To address these limitations, this study proposes a multilayer piezoresistive pressure sensor based on nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes (N-CNTs), wrinkled polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fabric, and MF for wearable motion-monitoring applications. N-CNTs were synthesized via a facile hydrothermal method and uniformly deposited onto both MF and wrinkled PET fabric through dip coating. The N-CNT-coated wrinkled PET fabric and N-CNT-coated MF were then assembled into a hierarchical N-CWPF/MF sensor. The porous MF framework promoted stress transfer by providing a compressible supporting skeleton, whereas the wrinkled PET fabric increased interfacial contact during compression. Meanwhile, the N-CNT conductive network formed continuous pathways that were sensitive to pressure-induced deformation. The fabricated sensor achieved a high sensitivity of 0.159 kPa⁻1, a low detection limit of 32.34 Pa, and short response/recovery times of 41.2/29.6 ms. These sensing characteristics support rapid and reliable monitoring of human motion. Overall, the results demonstrate that integrating N-CNT-based conductive network engineering with multilayer structural design provides a simple and effective strategy for fabricating high-performance wearable pressure sensors.