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<p>Polymers have been frequently essential in electronics manufacturing, serving as sealants for electrical parts, intermediate dielectrics, and printed-circuit boards. The temperature and frequency dependence of these materials is important due to their applications in various microelectronic gadgets such as capacitors and transistors complementary circuits. The current article provides an in-depth understanding of polyaniline’s frequency and temperature-dependent AC/DC conductivity and its composites with polyethylene glycol (PEG). The AC conductivity results are interpreted by following the Jonscher power law and are attributable to the hopping conduction mechanism, involving the C–O–C group of PEG and emeraldine salt (ES) of PANI. The temperature-dependent AC conductivity at a lower frequency (<i>σ</i><sub>ac</sub>), which reflects Arrhenius’s behavior in response to temperature, was used to compute the activation energy for PANI and PANI-PEG composites. The AC electrical studies demonstrate that the composite is a conventional semiconductor, with an activation energy <i>E</i><sub><i>a</i></sub> = 0.62&#xa0;eV and temperature-dependent conductivity <i>σ</i><sub>ac</sub> = 2.19 × 10<sup>−4</sup> greater than pure PANI. Around 1&#xa0;kHz, the dielectric permittivity of simple PANI is 282, while that of PANI-PEG is (&gt; 9000), interpreting that the junctions among grains and granular boundaries of the composite played a dominating part in increasing the dielectric key parameters. Following the <i>I</i>–<i>V</i> curves, the DC conductivity of the nanocomposite as an ohmic material was enhanced with the incorporation of the PEG. The PANI-PEG composites are supposed to be viable electrical materials for electronic gadgets.</p>

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Synthesis, characterization, and temperature- and frequency-dependent electrical properties of polyaniline-polyethylene glycol composites

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月11日

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  • Rizwan Ullah,
  • Salma Roshan,
  • Muhammad Shujaat Rahman,
  • Maheen Rahim,
  • Rozina Khattak,
  • Ishrat Rahim

摘要

Polymers have been frequently essential in electronics manufacturing, serving as sealants for electrical parts, intermediate dielectrics, and printed-circuit boards. The temperature and frequency dependence of these materials is important due to their applications in various microelectronic gadgets such as capacitors and transistors complementary circuits. The current article provides an in-depth understanding of polyaniline’s frequency and temperature-dependent AC/DC conductivity and its composites with polyethylene glycol (PEG). The AC conductivity results are interpreted by following the Jonscher power law and are attributable to the hopping conduction mechanism, involving the C–O–C group of PEG and emeraldine salt (ES) of PANI. The temperature-dependent AC conductivity at a lower frequency (σac), which reflects Arrhenius’s behavior in response to temperature, was used to compute the activation energy for PANI and PANI-PEG composites. The AC electrical studies demonstrate that the composite is a conventional semiconductor, with an activation energy Ea = 0.62 eV and temperature-dependent conductivity σac = 2.19 × 10−4 greater than pure PANI. Around 1 kHz, the dielectric permittivity of simple PANI is 282, while that of PANI-PEG is (> 9000), interpreting that the junctions among grains and granular boundaries of the composite played a dominating part in increasing the dielectric key parameters. Following the I–V curves, the DC conductivity of the nanocomposite as an ohmic material was enhanced with the incorporation of the PEG. The PANI-PEG composites are supposed to be viable electrical materials for electronic gadgets.