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<p>SnO<sub>2</sub>/Bi<sub>5</sub>Nb<sub>3</sub>O<sub>15</sub>/PANI ternary nanocomposites were developed and investigated for their potential application as electrodes in supercapacitors. SnO<sub>2</sub> and Bi<sub>5</sub>Nb<sub>3</sub>O<sub>15</sub> (BNO) nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared via a green synthesis method, while PANI was synthesized by an in situ polymerization process. Their physicochemical and electrochemical properties were investigated using various structural, spectroscopic, microscopic, and electrochemical techniques. The XRD results show that tetragonal SnO<sub>2</sub> and orthorhombic BNO phases are present, and the addition of PANI did not change the crystalline structure of the nanoparticles. The average crystallite sizes of SnO<sub>2</sub>, BNO, SnO<sub>2</sub>/BNO, SnO<sub>2</sub>/PANI, and SnO<sub>2</sub>/BNO/PANI composites are estimated to be 12 ± 4, 23 ± 7, 20 ± 6, 6 ± 2, and 14 ± 4&#xa0;nm, respectively, confirming the nanocrystalline nature of the synthesized materials. FTIR analysis supported the attachment of BNO and PANI onto the SnO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles. A well-integrated structure with uniform distributions of PANI, SnO<sub>2</sub>, and BNO is observed in the SEM image of the SnO<sub>2</sub>/BNO/PANI nanocomposite. At a scan rate of 5&#xa0;mVs<sup>−1</sup>, the SnO<sub>2</sub>/BNO/PANI nanocomposite electrode exhibited substantially improved electrochemical performance, achieving an impressive specific capacitance of 424 F.g<sup>−1</sup>. This value surpasses that of SnO<sub>2</sub>, BNO, SnO<sub>2</sub>/BNO, and SnO<sub>2</sub>/PANI nanoparticles by nearly 36, 40, 27, and twofold, highlighting the synergistic effect of PANI incorporation in boosting charge storage capacity. Furthermore, the fabricated asymmetric supercapacitor (AC//SnO<sub>2</sub>/BNO/PANI) device exhibits outstanding performance with a high specific capacitance of 248 F.g<sup>−1</sup> at 0.2&#xa0;A.g<sup>−1</sup>. The long-term cycling tests of the AC//SnO<sub>2</sub>/PANI and AC//SnO<sub>2</sub>/BNO/PANI supercapacitor devices confirmed remarkable stability with average Coulombic efficiencies of 99.90% at 1&#xa0;A.g<sup>−1</sup> and 98.89% at 2&#xa0;A.g<sup>−1</sup> after 2000 and 5000 cycles, respectively. Additionally, the ternary nanocomposite exhibited capacitance retention of 98.3, 91.1, 81.2, 75.7, and 73.0% of its original value after 500, 1000, 2000, 3000, and 5000 cycles.</p>

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Facile synthesis and electrochemical characterization of novel SnO2/Bi5Nb3O15/PANI ternary nanocomposite as electrodes for supercapacitor applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月3日

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  • Niguss Awoke,
  • Gashaw Beyene,
  • Fekadu Tolessa,
  • Paul M. Ejikeme,
  • Assumpta C. Nwanya,
  • Fabian I. Ezema

摘要

SnO2/Bi5Nb3O15/PANI ternary nanocomposites were developed and investigated for their potential application as electrodes in supercapacitors. SnO2 and Bi5Nb3O15 (BNO) nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared via a green synthesis method, while PANI was synthesized by an in situ polymerization process. Their physicochemical and electrochemical properties were investigated using various structural, spectroscopic, microscopic, and electrochemical techniques. The XRD results show that tetragonal SnO2 and orthorhombic BNO phases are present, and the addition of PANI did not change the crystalline structure of the nanoparticles. The average crystallite sizes of SnO2, BNO, SnO2/BNO, SnO2/PANI, and SnO2/BNO/PANI composites are estimated to be 12 ± 4, 23 ± 7, 20 ± 6, 6 ± 2, and 14 ± 4 nm, respectively, confirming the nanocrystalline nature of the synthesized materials. FTIR analysis supported the attachment of BNO and PANI onto the SnO2 nanoparticles. A well-integrated structure with uniform distributions of PANI, SnO2, and BNO is observed in the SEM image of the SnO2/BNO/PANI nanocomposite. At a scan rate of 5 mVs−1, the SnO2/BNO/PANI nanocomposite electrode exhibited substantially improved electrochemical performance, achieving an impressive specific capacitance of 424 F.g−1. This value surpasses that of SnO2, BNO, SnO2/BNO, and SnO2/PANI nanoparticles by nearly 36, 40, 27, and twofold, highlighting the synergistic effect of PANI incorporation in boosting charge storage capacity. Furthermore, the fabricated asymmetric supercapacitor (AC//SnO2/BNO/PANI) device exhibits outstanding performance with a high specific capacitance of 248 F.g−1 at 0.2 A.g−1. The long-term cycling tests of the AC//SnO2/PANI and AC//SnO2/BNO/PANI supercapacitor devices confirmed remarkable stability with average Coulombic efficiencies of 99.90% at 1 A.g−1 and 98.89% at 2 A.g−1 after 2000 and 5000 cycles, respectively. Additionally, the ternary nanocomposite exhibited capacitance retention of 98.3, 91.1, 81.2, 75.7, and 73.0% of its original value after 500, 1000, 2000, 3000, and 5000 cycles.