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<p>Achieving optimal microwave absorption performance in ferrite-based materials requires a delicate balance between magnetic loss, dielectric loss, and impedance matching rather than maximizing magnetic properties alone. In this work, Zn<sup>2</sup>⁺-substituted Ba<sub>0.6</sub>Sr<sub>0.4</sub>Fe<sub>12−<i>x</i></sub>Zn<sub><i>x</i></sub>O<sub>19</sub> (<i>x</i> = 0.25, 0.50, and 0.75) M-type hexagonal ferrites were synthesized via a conventional solid-state reaction method, and their structural, magnetic, and electromagnetic absorption properties were systematically investigated. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed phase formation of M-type hexagonal ferrite, while scanning electron microscopy revealed composition-dependent grain growth from 200 to 300&#xa0;nm (<i>x</i> = 0.25) to 3.1–4.3&#xa0;μm (<i>x</i> = 0.75). Magnetic measurements showed that saturation magnetization decreased from 57.95&#xa0;emu/g (<i>x</i> = 0.25) to 37.29&#xa0;emu/g (<i>x</i> = 0.50) due to weakened superexchange interactions. Despite this reduction in magnetic strength, the <i>x</i> = 0.50 composition exhibited superior microwave absorption performance, achieving a minimum reflection loss of − 24.94&#xa0;dB at 10.78&#xa0;GHz, corresponding to 99.7% absorption efficiency. Effective absorption (RL &lt;  − 10&#xa0;dB) was maintained across the C–X band (4–12&#xa0;GHz), with the strongest attenuation occurring in the X-band region (8–12&#xa0;GHz). Electromagnetic analysis revealed that the enhanced absorption originates from optimized impedance matching (<i>Z</i><sub>in</sub>/<i>Z</i><sub>0</sub> ≈ 1) and synergistic magnetic–dielectric loss mechanisms, including natural ferromagnetic resonance and interfacial polarization. These findings demonstrate that impedance matching optimization, rather than high saturation magnetization, governs the microwave absorption efficiency of Zn-substituted Ba–Sr hexaferrites, providing practical design guidance for radar-absorbing materials with performance capable of covering the entire C–X band.</p>

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Enhanced microwave absorption in Ba0.6Sr0.4Fe12−xZnxO19 hexaferrites via impedance matching optimization for X-band radar applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月7日

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  • Maya Puspitasari Izaak,
  • Henni Sitompul,
  • Yana Taryana,
  • Nanang Sudrajat,
  • Jan Setiawan,
  • Yunasfi Yunasfi,
  • Mashadi Mashadi,
  • Didin S. Winatapura,
  • Wisnu Ari Adi,
  • Tesalonika Siregar,
  • Yohanes Edi Gunanto,
  • Dianta Ginting

摘要

Achieving optimal microwave absorption performance in ferrite-based materials requires a delicate balance between magnetic loss, dielectric loss, and impedance matching rather than maximizing magnetic properties alone. In this work, Zn2⁺-substituted Ba0.6Sr0.4Fe12−xZnxO19 (x = 0.25, 0.50, and 0.75) M-type hexagonal ferrites were synthesized via a conventional solid-state reaction method, and their structural, magnetic, and electromagnetic absorption properties were systematically investigated. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed phase formation of M-type hexagonal ferrite, while scanning electron microscopy revealed composition-dependent grain growth from 200 to 300 nm (x = 0.25) to 3.1–4.3 μm (x = 0.75). Magnetic measurements showed that saturation magnetization decreased from 57.95 emu/g (x = 0.25) to 37.29 emu/g (x = 0.50) due to weakened superexchange interactions. Despite this reduction in magnetic strength, the x = 0.50 composition exhibited superior microwave absorption performance, achieving a minimum reflection loss of − 24.94 dB at 10.78 GHz, corresponding to 99.7% absorption efficiency. Effective absorption (RL <  − 10 dB) was maintained across the C–X band (4–12 GHz), with the strongest attenuation occurring in the X-band region (8–12 GHz). Electromagnetic analysis revealed that the enhanced absorption originates from optimized impedance matching (Zin/Z0 ≈ 1) and synergistic magnetic–dielectric loss mechanisms, including natural ferromagnetic resonance and interfacial polarization. These findings demonstrate that impedance matching optimization, rather than high saturation magnetization, governs the microwave absorption efficiency of Zn-substituted Ba–Sr hexaferrites, providing practical design guidance for radar-absorbing materials with performance capable of covering the entire C–X band.