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<p>Lead-free KNN ceramics modified with Sb<sup>5+</sup> and BZT-BCT were synthesized by a solid-state reaction method and the sintering temperature was optimized between 1025&#xa0;°C and 1100&#xa0;°C to enhance electrical properties. X-ray diffraction confirmed the formation of a pure perovskite phase at lower sintering temperatures of 1025&#xa0;°C and 1050&#xa0;°C, while traces of tungsten bronze phases appeared at higher temperatures. Combined XRD and SEM analyses identified 1050&#xa0;°C as the optimal sintering temperature, yielding a homogeneous microstructure with an average grain size of ~ 0.47&#xa0;µm. AFM analysis revealed surface roughness in the range of a few hundred nanometers. The ceramics exhibited well-defined ferroelectric behavior with a remnant polarization of 14.94 µC/cm<sup>2</sup> and a coercive field of 6.56&#xa0;kV/cm. A high dielectric constant (~ 5.7 × 10<sup>3</sup>) and a phase transition temperature of ~ 410&#xa0;°C were obtained along with a diffuse phase transition exhibiting partial relaxor-like behavior. Under an optimal poling field of 3&#xa0;kV/cm, a piezoelectric coefficient (d₃₃) of 183 pC/N was achieved. Flexible ceramic-PDMS microgenerators fabricated on ITO/PET substrates produced an output voltage of ~ 10&#xa0;V under finger tapping (~ 10 N), demonstrating their potential for energy harvesting applications.</p>

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Processing, profiling and energy harvesting performance of BZT-BCT modified KNNS lead-free piezoceramics

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月6日

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  • Poonam,
  • Nidhi Sinha,
  • Tarun Yadav,
  • Pankaj Kumar Ojha,
  • Vidit Verma,
  • Binay Kumar

摘要

Lead-free KNN ceramics modified with Sb5+ and BZT-BCT were synthesized by a solid-state reaction method and the sintering temperature was optimized between 1025 °C and 1100 °C to enhance electrical properties. X-ray diffraction confirmed the formation of a pure perovskite phase at lower sintering temperatures of 1025 °C and 1050 °C, while traces of tungsten bronze phases appeared at higher temperatures. Combined XRD and SEM analyses identified 1050 °C as the optimal sintering temperature, yielding a homogeneous microstructure with an average grain size of ~ 0.47 µm. AFM analysis revealed surface roughness in the range of a few hundred nanometers. The ceramics exhibited well-defined ferroelectric behavior with a remnant polarization of 14.94 µC/cm2 and a coercive field of 6.56 kV/cm. A high dielectric constant (~ 5.7 × 103) and a phase transition temperature of ~ 410 °C were obtained along with a diffuse phase transition exhibiting partial relaxor-like behavior. Under an optimal poling field of 3 kV/cm, a piezoelectric coefficient (d₃₃) of 183 pC/N was achieved. Flexible ceramic-PDMS microgenerators fabricated on ITO/PET substrates produced an output voltage of ~ 10 V under finger tapping (~ 10 N), demonstrating their potential for energy harvesting applications.