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<p>This work describes a novel electrochemical biosensor that uses an electrode modified with nickel oxide/nitrogen-doped graphene oxide (NiO/NGO) for real-time, noninvasive glucose detection in sweat. Hydrothermal synthesis was used to create the NiO/NGO nanocomposite, which was then thoroughly examined to verify its structural and chemical characteristics. While XRD measurements confirmed the efficient integration of nitrogen and nickel oxide within the graphene oxide lattice, FTIR studies revealed distinctive Ni–O and C–N functional groups. EDX analysis verified the elemental composition and effective doping of Ni and N, whereas FESEM images demonstrated a uniformly dispersed nanostructured morphology. Cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry, linear sweep voltammetry, square wave voltammetry, chronoamperometry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were all used to thoroughly assess the sensor’s electrochemical performance. The NiO/NGO sensor demonstrated a linear detection range of 0.1–1&#xa0;mM for glucose, a low limit of detection of 0.15&#xa0;mM, and a high sensitivity of 30.176&#xa0;mA&#xa0;mM<sup>−1</sup>&#xa0;cm<sup>−2</sup>.In the presence of typical sweat interferents, such as dopamine, ascorbic acid, uric acid, urea, and NaCl, excellent selectivity for glucose was noted. In addition, the sensor showed great repeatability (0.25% RSD), high reproducibility (0.49% RSD), and good stability (86.2%). In addition, artificial sweat analysis was used to validate practical applicability, with a 95% recovery rate. These findings demonstrate the NiO/NGO sensor’s great potential for ongoing glucose monitoring in athletic and medical settings.</p>

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An advanced electrochemical glucose sensor: a platform for tracking athletic health utilising nickel oxide/nitrogen doped graphene oxide (NiO/NGO)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月3日

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  • Perumal Kirubha,
  • Balakrishnapillai Suseela Sreeja,
  • Sankararajan Radha

摘要

This work describes a novel electrochemical biosensor that uses an electrode modified with nickel oxide/nitrogen-doped graphene oxide (NiO/NGO) for real-time, noninvasive glucose detection in sweat. Hydrothermal synthesis was used to create the NiO/NGO nanocomposite, which was then thoroughly examined to verify its structural and chemical characteristics. While XRD measurements confirmed the efficient integration of nitrogen and nickel oxide within the graphene oxide lattice, FTIR studies revealed distinctive Ni–O and C–N functional groups. EDX analysis verified the elemental composition and effective doping of Ni and N, whereas FESEM images demonstrated a uniformly dispersed nanostructured morphology. Cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry, linear sweep voltammetry, square wave voltammetry, chronoamperometry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were all used to thoroughly assess the sensor’s electrochemical performance. The NiO/NGO sensor demonstrated a linear detection range of 0.1–1 mM for glucose, a low limit of detection of 0.15 mM, and a high sensitivity of 30.176 mA mM−1 cm−2.In the presence of typical sweat interferents, such as dopamine, ascorbic acid, uric acid, urea, and NaCl, excellent selectivity for glucose was noted. In addition, the sensor showed great repeatability (0.25% RSD), high reproducibility (0.49% RSD), and good stability (86.2%). In addition, artificial sweat analysis was used to validate practical applicability, with a 95% recovery rate. These findings demonstrate the NiO/NGO sensor’s great potential for ongoing glucose monitoring in athletic and medical settings.