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<p>A high-quality semi-organic nonlinear optical single crystal of bis(4-methoxybenzylammonium) tetrachloridozincate (MBACZ) was successfully grown by the slow evaporation solution growth technique in aqueous medium. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction confirmed a non-centrosymmetric monoclinic structure with space group P2<sub>1</sub>, favorable for second-order nonlinear optical activity. MBACZ exhibited good optical transparency with a UV cut-off wavelength at 244&#xa0;nm and significant birefringence. The crystal showed strong second harmonic generation efficiency of 2.6 times that of KDP with an effective nonlinear coefficient of 0.587&#xa0;pm/V. The study further establishes a direct correlation between hydrogen-bond-assisted organic–inorganic lattice organization and the simultaneous emergence of nonlinear optical, piezoelectric, and ferroelectric functionalities, providing new insight into multifunctional semi-organic photonic materials. Optical limiting studies revealed the onset of nonlinear attenuation at an incident intensity of approximately 3.608 mW/cm<sup>2</sup> under continuous-wave laser excitation, while laser damage threshold measurements yielded a high value of 3.847 GW/cm<sup>2</sup> under pulsed Nd laser irradiation. Mechanical analysis demonstrated stable hardness behavior up to 120&#xa0;g load. Piezoelectric and ferroelectric investigations confirmed efficient electromechanical coupling with <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(d_{33} = 13.14\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>d</mi> <mn>33</mn> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mn>13.14</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> pC/N and stable room-temperature ferroelectricity, highlighting MBACZ as multifunctional optical and electromechanical performance of MBACZ supports the development of sustainable energy-efficient photonic technologies aligned with sustainable development goals.</p>

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Sustainable non-centrosymmetric semi-organic bis(4-methoxybenzylammonium) tetrachloridozincate MBACZ single crystal with enhanced SHG, piezoelectric, and ferroelectric performance toward green photonic device engineering

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月22日

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  • P. Vivek

摘要

A high-quality semi-organic nonlinear optical single crystal of bis(4-methoxybenzylammonium) tetrachloridozincate (MBACZ) was successfully grown by the slow evaporation solution growth technique in aqueous medium. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction confirmed a non-centrosymmetric monoclinic structure with space group P21, favorable for second-order nonlinear optical activity. MBACZ exhibited good optical transparency with a UV cut-off wavelength at 244 nm and significant birefringence. The crystal showed strong second harmonic generation efficiency of 2.6 times that of KDP with an effective nonlinear coefficient of 0.587 pm/V. The study further establishes a direct correlation between hydrogen-bond-assisted organic–inorganic lattice organization and the simultaneous emergence of nonlinear optical, piezoelectric, and ferroelectric functionalities, providing new insight into multifunctional semi-organic photonic materials. Optical limiting studies revealed the onset of nonlinear attenuation at an incident intensity of approximately 3.608 mW/cm2 under continuous-wave laser excitation, while laser damage threshold measurements yielded a high value of 3.847 GW/cm2 under pulsed Nd laser irradiation. Mechanical analysis demonstrated stable hardness behavior up to 120 g load. Piezoelectric and ferroelectric investigations confirmed efficient electromechanical coupling with \(d_{33} = 13.14\) d 33 = 13.14 pC/N and stable room-temperature ferroelectricity, highlighting MBACZ as multifunctional optical and electromechanical performance of MBACZ supports the development of sustainable energy-efficient photonic technologies aligned with sustainable development goals.