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<p>ZnO thin films were fabricated and employed as a highly responsive, stable, and ultrafast non-enzymatic glucose biosensor. Comparisons were made between pure zinc oxide films and those doped with t-oxide at 2% and 4% doping ratios. All films were prepared using a chemical spray pyrolysis technique at 400&#xa0;°C.The structure, AFM, and UV–Visible absorption spectrum measurements were used to characterize these samples. From the XRD analysis, we inferred that the obtained ZnO films have a pure hexagonal structure with a dominant orientation at the plane (002). The grain size was determined to range from 16.97&#xa0;nm to 19.80&#xa0;nm, whilst strain (ε) decreased from 20.42 to 17.50, and dislocation density (δ) ranged from 34.68 to 25.49. By AFM measurement, the particle size value of the nanoparticles observed in the range of 78.4&#xa0;nm, 49.9&#xa0;nm and 41.6&#xa0;nm for the (ZnO, ZnO:2% Ti, ZnO:4% Ti), respectively, The transmittance value was high, measured to be 88% and the optical band gap was 3.4&#xa0;eV. The electrochemical response results were studied using cyclic voltammetry. The sensitivity of the fabricated electrochemical sensor was 40&#xa0;µA/cm<sup>2</sup>/mM, with a linear response range.</p>

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Analytical study of a non-enzymatic glucose sensor: evaluation of its structural, morphological, and optical properties for ZnO:Ti thin films

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月19日

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  • Yasmeen Z. Dawood,
  • Karrar M. Badi,
  • Ali H. Al-Hamdani,
  • Abbas H. Salman

摘要

ZnO thin films were fabricated and employed as a highly responsive, stable, and ultrafast non-enzymatic glucose biosensor. Comparisons were made between pure zinc oxide films and those doped with t-oxide at 2% and 4% doping ratios. All films were prepared using a chemical spray pyrolysis technique at 400 °C.The structure, AFM, and UV–Visible absorption spectrum measurements were used to characterize these samples. From the XRD analysis, we inferred that the obtained ZnO films have a pure hexagonal structure with a dominant orientation at the plane (002). The grain size was determined to range from 16.97 nm to 19.80 nm, whilst strain (ε) decreased from 20.42 to 17.50, and dislocation density (δ) ranged from 34.68 to 25.49. By AFM measurement, the particle size value of the nanoparticles observed in the range of 78.4 nm, 49.9 nm and 41.6 nm for the (ZnO, ZnO:2% Ti, ZnO:4% Ti), respectively, The transmittance value was high, measured to be 88% and the optical band gap was 3.4 eV. The electrochemical response results were studied using cyclic voltammetry. The sensitivity of the fabricated electrochemical sensor was 40 µA/cm2/mM, with a linear response range.