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<p>Developing lightweight, structurally stable, and high-temperature resistant electromagnetic (EM) wave-absorbing materials is crucial for extreme environments. However, single-component materials often fail to satisfy such diverse requirements. Herein, a “Macro–Micro” hierarchical design strategy is proposed to fabricate SiCN<sub>a</sub>/G-sheet Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> composites. A macroscopic Gyroid sheet (G-sheet) Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> skeleton was fabricated via stereolithography (SLA) 3D printing, followed by the <i>in-situ</i> construction of SiCN aerogel (SiCN<sub>a</sub>) within its interconnected pores via a precursor infiltration and pyrolysis (PIP) process. By regulating the impregnation cycles, the microscopic SiCN<sub>a</sub> distribution evolved from an isolated “island-like” state to a highly interconnected 3D “network-on-skeleton” architecture. The optimal composite (SiCN<sub>a</sub>/G-Sheet-2) achieves an outstanding minimum reflection loss (RL<sub>min</sub>) of −&#xa0;40.19&#xa0;dB at 11.1&#xa0;GHz alongside an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 2.2&#xa0;GHz. This excellent performance originates from a synergistic attenuation mechanism, in which the macroscopic periodic channels optimize impedance matching and extend wave propagation paths, while the highly disordered SiCN<sub>a</sub> network provides robust dielectric loss through microcurrent conduction and intense interfacial polarization. This structural–functional integration strategy offers a compelling pathway for developing advanced stealth ceramics for complex extreme environments.</p>

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Macro–micro hierarchical design of 3D-printed SiCNa/G-sheet Al2O3 composites for efficient electromagnetic wave absorption

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月14日

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  • Shanshan Xiao,
  • Hui Xie,
  • Daoyang Han,
  • Guiqin You,
  • Yingying Zhou,
  • Wen Zheng

摘要

Developing lightweight, structurally stable, and high-temperature resistant electromagnetic (EM) wave-absorbing materials is crucial for extreme environments. However, single-component materials often fail to satisfy such diverse requirements. Herein, a “Macro–Micro” hierarchical design strategy is proposed to fabricate SiCNa/G-sheet Al2O3 composites. A macroscopic Gyroid sheet (G-sheet) Al2O3 skeleton was fabricated via stereolithography (SLA) 3D printing, followed by the in-situ construction of SiCN aerogel (SiCNa) within its interconnected pores via a precursor infiltration and pyrolysis (PIP) process. By regulating the impregnation cycles, the microscopic SiCNa distribution evolved from an isolated “island-like” state to a highly interconnected 3D “network-on-skeleton” architecture. The optimal composite (SiCNa/G-Sheet-2) achieves an outstanding minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of − 40.19 dB at 11.1 GHz alongside an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 2.2 GHz. This excellent performance originates from a synergistic attenuation mechanism, in which the macroscopic periodic channels optimize impedance matching and extend wave propagation paths, while the highly disordered SiCNa network provides robust dielectric loss through microcurrent conduction and intense interfacial polarization. This structural–functional integration strategy offers a compelling pathway for developing advanced stealth ceramics for complex extreme environments.